{ "Aabach in Hitzkirch": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "LU, AG", "Elevation [m]": 463.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 73.3, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 581.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 1.29, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 0.41 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1976 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 1.55, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 1.56, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 1.56, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 1.48, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 1.31, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 1.43, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 1.22, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 1.06, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 0.93, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 0.95, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 1.13, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 1.38 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 661390.0, "Station Y [m]": 230220.0, "Station": "Aabach - Hitzkirch, Richensee" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.99, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.1, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.099, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.079, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.067, "COP winter [-]": 3.34, "COP spring [-]": 3.73, "COP summer [-]": 4.58, "COP fall [-]": 3.92, "Used volume winter [m3]": 10500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 3050000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 1460000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 1730000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.89, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.267, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.218 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.074, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.072, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.061, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.05, "Used volume winter [m3]": 1770000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 1720000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 1460000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 1190000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune1": { "Name": "Lenzburg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8909.0, "Surface [ha]": 1131.0 }, "Commune2": { "Name": "Seengen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3776.0, "Surface [ha]": 1034.0 }, "Commune3": { "Name": "Hallwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 796.0, "Surface [ha]": 218.0 }, "Commune4": { "Name": "Niederlenz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4478.0, "Surface [ha]": 331.0 }, "Commune5": { "Name": "Veltheim (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1422.0, "Surface [ha]": 524.0 }, "Commune6": { "Name": "Boniswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1439.0, "Surface [ha]": 279.0 }, "Commune7": { "Name": "Egliswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1328.0, "Surface [ha]": 629.0 }, "Commune8": { "Name": "Hitzkirch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5069.0, "Surface [ha]": 2828.0 }, "Commune9": { "Name": "Ermensee", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 865.0, "Surface [ha]": 569.0 }, "Commune10": { "Name": "Seon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4869.0, "Surface [ha]": 962.0 } }, "Total Population": 32951.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.576648319, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.264818949 }, "River": "Aabach", "Location": "Hitzkirch" }, "Aare in Biel": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 428.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 8248.45, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1142.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.029, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 243.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 105.0, "Mean temperature [°C]": 11.6 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 192.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 199.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 210.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 259.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 311.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 341.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 316.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 275.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 227.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 196.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 197.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 196.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 4.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.5, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 12.3, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 16.0, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 18.6, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 19.5, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 17.5, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 14.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 10.3, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 7.1 }, "Station X [m]": 588220.0, "Station Y [m]": 219020.0, "Station": "Aare - Brügg, Aegerten" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -14.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -17.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -19.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -13.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.56, "COP spring [-]": 3.87, "COP summer [-]": 4.89, "COP fall [-]": 4.42, "Used volume winter [m3]": 536000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 451000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 368000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 250000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.347, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.22, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.154 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 9.7, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 13.0, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 15.0, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 10.0, "Used volume winter [m3]": 232000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 308000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 368000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 245000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "very high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune38": { "Name": "Ipsach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4015.0, "Surface [ha]": 190.0 }, "Commune39": { "Name": "Aegerten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1876.0, "Surface [ha]": 216.0 }, "Commune40": { "Name": "Kirchlindach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2900.0, "Surface [ha]": 1196.0 }, "Commune41": { "Name": "Mühleberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2826.0, "Surface [ha]": 2626.0 }, "Commune42": { "Name": "Hagneck", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 401.0, "Surface [ha]": 184.0 }, "Commune43": { "Name": "Bremgarten bei Bern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4353.0, "Surface [ha]": 190.0 }, "Commune44": { "Name": "Zollikofen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10097.0, "Surface [ha]": 539.0 }, "Commune45": { "Name": "Radelfingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1219.0, "Surface [ha]": 1471.0 }, "Commune46": { "Name": "Biel/Bienne", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 53667.0, "Surface [ha]": 2121.0 }, "Commune47": { "Name": "Walperswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 986.0, "Surface [ha]": 696.0 }, "Commune48": { "Name": "Frauenkappelen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1206.0, "Surface [ha]": 929.0 }, "Commune49": { "Name": "Kallnach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1951.0, "Surface [ha]": 1519.0 }, "Commune50": { "Name": "Lüscherz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 528.0, "Surface [ha]": 542.0 }, "Commune51": { "Name": "Golaten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 318.0, "Surface [ha]": 279.0 }, "Commune52": { "Name": "Bargen (BE)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 982.0, "Surface [ha]": 786.0 }, "Commune53": { "Name": "Ittigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11250.0, "Surface [ha]": 420.0 }, "Commune54": { "Name": "Täuffelen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2691.0, "Surface [ha]": 437.0 }, "Commune55": { "Name": "Wohlen bei Bern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9011.0, "Surface [ha]": 3632.0 }, "Commune56": { "Name": "Aarberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4422.0, "Surface [ha]": 793.0 }, "Commune57": { "Name": "Nidau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6894.0, "Surface [ha]": 152.0 }, "Commune58": { "Name": "Brügg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4230.0, "Surface [ha]": 500.0 }, "Commune59": { "Name": "Port", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3379.0, "Surface [ha]": 246.0 } }, "Total Population": 129202.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 6.010775198, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.073410216 }, "River": "Aare", "Location": "Biel" }, "Aare in Thun": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 548.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 2459.26, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1746.7, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.095, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 111.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 36.0, "Mean temperature [°C]": 10.8 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 51.2, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 50.3, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 56.9, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 95.3, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 165.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 207.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 201.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 179.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 122.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 78.1, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 65.8, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 56.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1971 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.7, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.3, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.9, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 7.5, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 10.9, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 14.0, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 16.4, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 17.2, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 15.6, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 13.2, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 10.0, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 7.2 }, "Station X [m]": 613230.0, "Station Y [m]": 179280.0, "Station": "Aare - Thun" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -3.6, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -7.1, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -12.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -5.7, "COP winter [-]": 3.6, "COP spring [-]": 3.85, "COP summer [-]": 4.6, "COP fall [-]": 4.32, "Used volume winter [m3]": 125000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 169000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 232000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 108000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.301, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.203, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.154 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 2.6, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 5.3, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 9.7, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 4.4, "Used volume winter [m3]": 62100000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 125000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 232000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 105000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune21": { "Name": "Steffisburg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 15703.0, "Surface [ha]": 1332.0 }, "Commune22": { "Name": "Uttigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1901.0, "Surface [ha]": 381.0 }, "Commune23": { "Name": "Thun", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 43303.0, "Surface [ha]": 2157.0 } }, "Total Population": 60907.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 3.110426787, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.449371846 }, "River": "Aare", "Location": "Thun" }, "Aare in Interlaken": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 564.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1137.55, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1951.6, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.16, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 61.8, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 18.9, "Mean temperature [°C]": 9.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1980 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 25.5, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 24.6, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 27.7, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 44.3, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 83.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 113.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 123.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 116.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 75.2, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 46.3, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 32.8, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 27.8 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1980 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.7, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.3, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.7, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 7.2, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 10.3, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 12.6, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 14.1, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 14.2, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 13.5, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 11.7, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.1, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 7.0 }, "Station X [m]": 633730.0, "Station Y [m]": 171510.0, "Station": "Aare - Ringgenberg, Goldswil" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.8, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -3.5, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -7.6, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -3.4, "COP winter [-]": 3.59, "COP spring [-]": 3.82, "COP summer [-]": 4.33, "COP fall [-]": 4.15, "Used volume winter [m3]": 62200000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 86600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 139000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 63900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.304, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.213, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.157 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.3, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.6, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 5.8, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.6, "Used volume winter [m3]": 30700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 61100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 139000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 60900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune18": { "Name": "Interlaken", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5683.0, "Surface [ha]": 427.0 }, "Commune19": { "Name": "Ringgenberg (BE)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2624.0, "Surface [ha]": 873.0 }, "Commune20": { "Name": "Unterseen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5691.0, "Surface [ha]": 1399.0 } }, "Total Population": 13998.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.723341266, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.101541492 }, "River": "Aare", "Location": "Interlaken" }, "Aare in Brienz": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 570.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 555.15, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2135.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.21, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 35.2, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 10.7, "Mean temperature [°C]": 5.8 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1954 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 16.9, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 18.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 20.1, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 26.8, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 45.2, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 61.3, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 65.2, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 62.5, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 41.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 26.5, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 20.1, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 17.2 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1969 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 3.6, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 3.7, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 5.2, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 6.2, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 7.1, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 7.7, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 7.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 7.5, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 6.8, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 5.2, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 4.0 }, "Station X [m]": 649930.0, "Station Y [m]": 177380.0, "Station": "Aare - Brienzwiler" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.2, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.1, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -4.3, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.42, "COP spring [-]": 3.55, "COP summer [-]": 3.71, "COP fall [-]": 3.65, "Used volume winter [m3]": 74600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 82800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 115000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 62200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.544, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.342, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.231, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.268 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.86, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.5, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 3.1, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.5, "Used volume winter [m3]": 20600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 36300000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 74600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 34800000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune11": { "Name": "Innertkirchen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1069.0, "Surface [ha]": 23661.0 }, "Commune12": { "Name": "Brienzwiler", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 478.0, "Surface [ha]": 1764.0 }, "Commune13": { "Name": "Guttannen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 306.0, "Surface [ha]": 20085.0 }, "Commune14": { "Name": "Meiringen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4669.0, "Surface [ha]": 4063.0 }, "Commune15": { "Name": "Hofstetten bei Brienz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 535.0, "Surface [ha]": 877.0 }, "Commune16": { "Name": "Brienz (BE)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3073.0, "Surface [ha]": 4800.0 }, "Commune17": { "Name": "Schattenhalb", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 584.0, "Surface [ha]": 3154.0 } }, "Total Population": 10714.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.556077204, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.077221155 }, "River": "Aare", "Location": "Brienz" }, "Albula in Tiefencastel": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 837.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 529.04, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2127.8, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.019, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 15.5, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 4.74 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1926 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 5.78, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 5.19, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 5.89, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 10.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 23.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 36.2, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 30.5, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 22.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 16.8, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 12.6, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 9.73, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 7.12 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 763420.0, "Station Y [m]": 170145.0, "Station": "Albula - Tiefencastel" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.98, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.39, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.89, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.89, "COP winter [-]": 3.34, "COP spring [-]": 3.63, "COP summer [-]": 3.94, "COP fall [-]": 3.73, "Used volume winter [m3]": 43600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 30400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 39100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 25900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.917, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.298, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.168, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.252 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.3, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.64, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.5, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.65, "Used volume winter [m3]": 7140000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 15300000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 35000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 15400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune115": { "Name": "Vaz/Obervaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2694.0, "Surface [ha]": 4251.0 }, "Commune116": { "Name": "Bergün/Bravuogn", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 457.0, "Surface [ha]": 14565.0 }, "Commune117": { "Name": "Mutten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 75.0, "Surface [ha]": 996.0 }, "Commune118": { "Name": "Fürstenau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 362.0, "Surface [ha]": 132.0 }, "Commune119": { "Name": "Sils im Domleschg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 924.0, "Surface [ha]": 928.0 }, "Commune120": { "Name": "Scharans", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 830.0, "Surface [ha]": 1429.0 }, "Commune121": { "Name": "Albula/Alvra", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1322.0, "Surface [ha]": 9393.0 } }, "Total Population": 6664.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.413282057, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.034241298 }, "River": "Albula", "Location": "Tiefencastel (without Julia)" }, "Areuse in Boudry": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "NE", "Elevation [m]": 444.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 377.68, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1090.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 11.4, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 1.69 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1983 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 14.2, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 12.2, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 17.3, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 18.4, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 10.8, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 8.68, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 6.71, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 5.25, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 7.11, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 9.75, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 11.8, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 14.5 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 554350.0, "Station Y [m]": 199940.0, "Station": "Areuse - Boudry" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.96, "Heat extraction 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temperature in August [°C]": 16.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 14.4, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 11.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 8.0, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.1 }, "Station X [m]": 613570.0, "Station Y [m]": 263080.0, "Station": "Birs - Münchenstein, Hofmatt" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.3, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.3, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.77, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.81, "COP winter [-]": 3.58, "COP spring [-]": 3.94, "COP summer [-]": 4.59, "COP fall [-]": 4.03, "Used volume winter [m3]": 44900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 27700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 14300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 17000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.309, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.183, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.177 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.92, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.95, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.6, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.6, "Used volume winter [m3]": 21800000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 22700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 14300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 14400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune126": { "Name": "Birsfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10313.0, "Surface [ha]": 252.0 }, "Commune127": { "Name": "Bärschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 821.0, "Surface [ha]": 1119.0 }, "Commune128": { "Name": "Sorvilier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 265.0, "Surface [ha]": 690.0 }, "Commune129": { "Name": "Courroux", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3149.0, "Surface [ha]": 1974.0 }, "Commune130": { "Name": "Liesberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1162.0, "Surface [ha]": 1246.0 }, "Commune131": { "Name": "Brislach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1611.0, "Surface [ha]": 942.0 }, "Commune132": { "Name": "Reinach (BL)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 18810.0, "Surface [ha]": 697.0 }, "Commune133": { "Name": "Moutier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7629.0, "Surface [ha]": 1961.0 }, "Commune134": { "Name": "Valbirse", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3962.0, "Surface [ha]": 1868.0 }, "Commune135": { "Name": "Duggingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1470.0, "Surface [ha]": 586.0 }, "Commune136": { "Name": "Dittingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 752.0, "Surface [ha]": 675.0 }, "Commune137": { "Name": "Pfeffingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2334.0, "Surface [ha]": 489.0 }, "Commune138": { "Name": "Soyhières", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 495.0, "Surface [ha]": 751.0 }, "Commune139": { "Name": "Grellingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1810.0, "Surface [ha]": 329.0 }, "Commune140": { "Name": "Courrendlin", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2742.0, "Surface [ha]": 1109.0 }, "Commune141": { "Name": "Loveresse", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 335.0, "Surface [ha]": 469.0 }, "Commune142": { "Name": "Court", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1432.0, "Surface [ha]": 2461.0 }, "Commune143": { "Name": "Delémont", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12485.0, "Surface [ha]": 2197.0 }, "Commune144": { "Name": "Arlesheim", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9136.0, "Surface [ha]": 693.0 }, "Commune145": { "Name": "Zwingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2242.0, "Surface [ha]": 461.0 }, "Commune146": { "Name": "Dornach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6505.0, "Surface [ha]": 579.0 }, "Commune147": { "Name": "Reconvilier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2329.0, "Surface [ha]": 825.0 }, "Commune148": { "Name": "Aesch (BL)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10155.0, "Surface [ha]": 740.0 }, "Commune149": { "Name": "Roches (BE)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 211.0, "Surface [ha]": 906.0 }, "Commune150": { "Name": "Muttenz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 17538.0, "Surface [ha]": 1666.0 }, "Commune151": { "Name": "Laufen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5491.0, "Surface [ha]": 1140.0 }, "Commune152": { "Name": "Himmelried", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 919.0, "Surface [ha]": 603.0 }, "Commune153": { "Name": "Münchenstein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11882.0, "Surface [ha]": 719.0 }, "Commune154": { "Name": "Nenzlingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 417.0, "Surface [ha]": 366.0 }, "Commune155": { "Name": "Tavannes", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3572.0, "Surface [ha]": 1478.0 }, "Commune156": { "Name": "Rebeuvelier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 393.0, "Surface [ha]": 841.0 } }, "Total Population": 142367.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 5.760278333, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.359320116 }, "River": "Birs", "Location": "Münchenstein" }, "Broye in Payerne": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VD, FR", "Elevation [m]": 441.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 415.93, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 715.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 7.76, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 1.26, "Mean temperature [°C]": 10.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1920 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 10.2, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 10.9, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 11.4, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 9.16, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 6.58, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 5.82, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 4.6, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 4.22, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 5.07, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 6.5, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 8.89, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 9.92 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1976 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 3.3, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 3.6, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.1, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 9.5, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 13.6, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 16.7, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 18.9, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 18.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 15.4, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 11.4, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.9, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 4.1 }, "Station X [m]": 561660.0, "Station Y [m]": 187320.0, "Station": "Broye - Payerne, Caserne d'aviation" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.73, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.61, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.3, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.45, "COP winter [-]": 3.41, "COP spring [-]": 3.87, "COP summer [-]": 4.9, "COP fall [-]": 4.01, "Used volume winter [m3]": 46700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 15700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 5780000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 10500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.572, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.219, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.195 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.51, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.45, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.24, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.34, "Used volume winter [m3]": 12200000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 10700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 5780000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 8070000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune157": { "Name": "Payerne", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9389.0, "Surface [ha]": 2418.0 }, "Commune158": { "Name": "Châtel-Saint-Denis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6363.0, "Surface [ha]": 4793.0 }, "Commune159": { "Name": "Attalens", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3189.0, "Surface [ha]": 974.0 }, "Commune160": { "Name": "Corcelles-près-Payerne", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2092.0, "Surface [ha]": 1212.0 }, "Commune161": { "Name": "Villeneuve (FR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 372.0, "Surface [ha]": 353.0 }, "Commune162": { "Name": "Vully-les-Lacs", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2792.0, "Surface [ha]": 2092.0 }, "Commune163": { "Name": "Curtilles", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 308.0, "Surface [ha]": 496.0 }, "Commune164": { "Name": "Saint-Aubin (FR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1596.0, "Surface [ha]": 789.0 }, "Commune165": { "Name": "Semsales", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1398.0, "Surface [ha]": 2936.0 }, "Commune166": { "Name": "Bossonnens", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1462.0, "Surface [ha]": 412.0 }, "Commune167": { "Name": "Maracon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 446.0, "Surface [ha]": 438.0 }, "Commune168": { "Name": "Rue", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1470.0, "Surface [ha]": 1120.0 }, "Commune169": { "Name": "Auboranges", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 283.0, "Surface [ha]": 193.0 }, "Commune170": { "Name": "Oron", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5202.0, "Surface [ha]": 2462.0 }, "Commune171": { "Name": "Belmont-Broye", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4914.0, "Surface [ha]": 2579.0 }, "Commune172": { "Name": "Montet (Glâne)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 388.0, "Surface [ha]": 220.0 }, "Commune173": { "Name": "Henniez", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 287.0, "Surface [ha]": 261.0 }, "Commune174": { "Name": "Moudon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5833.0, "Surface [ha]": 1565.0 }, "Commune175": { "Name": "Trey", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 264.0, "Surface [ha]": 379.0 }, "Commune176": { "Name": "Valbroye", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2936.0, "Surface [ha]": 3355.0 }, "Commune177": { "Name": "Missy", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 336.0, "Surface [ha]": 311.0 }, "Commune178": { "Name": "Lucens", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3298.0, "Surface [ha]": 786.0 }, "Commune179": { "Name": "Galmiz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 647.0, "Surface [ha]": 994.0 }, "Commune180": { "Name": "Fétigny", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 931.0, "Surface [ha]": 410.0 }, "Commune181": { "Name": "Remaufens", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1042.0, "Surface [ha]": 591.0 }, "Commune182": { "Name": "Avenches", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4037.0, "Surface [ha]": 1949.0 }, "Commune183": { "Name": "Vulliens", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 442.0, "Surface [ha]": 663.0 }, "Commune184": { "Name": "Ecublens (FR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 318.0, "Surface [ha]": 488.0 } }, "Total Population": 62035.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 2.916563595, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.509136754 }, "River": "Broye", "Location": "Payerne" }, "Doubs in Le Noirmont": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "JU, NE", "Elevation [m]": 508.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1046.74, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 975.7, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 27.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 4.32 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1971 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 34.8, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 33.7, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 38.6, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 37.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 25.2, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 21.6, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 15.7, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 12.8, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 15.1, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 22.4, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 30.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 37.7 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 561430.0, "Station Y [m]": 231050.0, "Station": "Doubs - Le Noirmont, La Goule" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -2.4, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.3, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.5, "COP winter [-]": 3.6, "COP spring [-]": 3.77, "COP summer [-]": 4.06, "COP fall [-]": 3.82, "Used volume winter [m3]": 82700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 56800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 19800000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 35700000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.296, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.214, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.151, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.201 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.8, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.7, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.83, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.1, "Used volume winter [m3]": 41900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 39800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 19800000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 26600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune185": { "Name": "Soubey", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 134.0, "Surface [ha]": 1349.0 }, "Commune186": { "Name": "Saignelégier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2550.0, "Surface [ha]": 3167.0 }, "Commune187": { "Name": "Le Noirmont", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1814.0, "Surface [ha]": 2039.0 }, "Commune188": { "Name": "Les Fins", "Country": "France", "Population": 2900.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune189": { "Name": "Les Bois", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1185.0, "Surface [ha]": 2471.0 }, "Commune190": { "Name": "Clos du Doubs", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1300.0, "Surface [ha]": 6175.0 }, "Commune191": { "Name": "Charquemont", "Country": "France", "Population": 2500.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune192": { "Name": "Grand'Combe-des-Bois", "Country": "France", "Population": 100.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune193": { "Name": "Charmauvillers", "Country": "France", "Population": 300.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune194": { "Name": "Villers-le-Lac", "Country": "France", "Population": 4400.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune195": { "Name": "Indevillers", "Country": "France", "Population": 200.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune196": { "Name": "Morteau", "Country": "France", "Population": 6800.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune197": { "Name": "Goumois", "Country": "France", "Population": 200.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune198": { "Name": "Fournet-Blancheroche", "Country": "France", "Population": 300.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune199": { "Name": "Les Brenets", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1062.0, "Surface [ha]": 1153.0 }, "Commune200": { "Name": "Saint-Brais", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 231.0, "Surface [ha]": 1516.0 }, "Commune201": { "Name": "Les Planchettes", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 218.0, "Surface [ha]": 1173.0 }, "Commune202": { "Name": "Montlebon", "Country": "France", "Population": 2000.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune203": { "Name": "Bonnétage", "Country": "France", "Population": 800.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune204": { "Name": "La Chaux-de-Fonds", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 39027.0, "Surface [ha]": 5572.0 }, "Commune205": { "Name": "Fessevillers", "Country": "France", "Population": 200.0, "Surface [ha]": null } }, "Total Population": 68221.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 3.380560461, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.524483048 }, "River": "Doubs", "Location": "Le Noirmont" }, "Drance in Martigny": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VS", "Elevation [m]": 474.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 675.65, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2250.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.13, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 9.89, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.52 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1991 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 5.3, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 5.2, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 5.75, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 7.08, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 15.6, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 20.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 17.3, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 13.3, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 9.22, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 7.31, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 6.59, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 5.63 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 570930.0, "Station Y [m]": 105200.0, "Station": "Drance - Martigny, Pont de Rossettan" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.38, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.64, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.52, "COP winter [-]": 3.45, "COP spring [-]": 3.77, "COP summer [-]": 3.83, "COP fall [-]": 3.7, "Used volume winter [m3]": 20700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 16100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 25500000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 14900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.487, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.216, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.192, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.246 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.27, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.47, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.84, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.38, "Used volume winter [m3]": 6360000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 11200000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 20000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 9120000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune206": { "Name": "Vollèges", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1825.0, "Surface [ha]": 1781.0 }, "Commune207": { "Name": "Sembrancher", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 964.0, "Surface [ha]": 1768.0 }, "Commune208": { "Name": "Martigny-Combe", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2324.0, "Surface [ha]": 3741.0 }, "Commune209": { "Name": "Bovernier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 875.0, "Surface [ha]": 1307.0 } }, "Total Population": 5988.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.28901082, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.047613582 }, "River": "Drance", "Location": "Martigny" }, "Emme in Lauperswil": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE, SO", "Elevation [m]": 638.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 443.02, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1065.6, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 14.5, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.37, "Mean temperature [°C]": 8.3 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2014 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 10.6, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 9.49, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 12.7, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 13.5, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 18.1, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 5.57, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 45.8, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 24.8, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 8.64, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 7.19, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 10.8, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 5.32 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1976 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 2.9, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 3.2, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 4.5, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 6.5, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 9.8, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 12.7, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 14.3, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 14.3, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 12.2, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 9.6, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.0, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 3.5 }, "Station X [m]": 623610.0, "Station Y [m]": 200430.0, "Station": "Emme - Emmenmatt, nur Hauptstation" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.6, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.6, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.6, "COP winter [-]": 3.38, "COP spring [-]": 3.7, "COP summer [-]": 4.39, "COP fall [-]": 3.86, "Used volume winter [m3]": 47400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 32100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 30000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 15200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.71, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.276, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.217 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.42, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.73, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.3, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.44, "Used volume winter [m3]": 10000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 17500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 30000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 10500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune210": { "Name": "Zielebach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 332.0, "Surface [ha]": 191.0 }, "Commune211": { "Name": "Biberist", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8261.0, "Surface [ha]": 1225.0 }, "Commune212": { "Name": "Bätterkinden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3147.0, "Surface [ha]": 1019.0 }, "Commune213": { "Name": "Habkern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 660.0, "Surface [ha]": 5103.0 }, "Commune214": { "Name": "Utzenstorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4207.0, "Surface [ha]": 1694.0 }, "Commune215": { "Name": "Wiler bei Utzenstorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 839.0, "Surface [ha]": 382.0 }, "Commune216": { "Name": "Hasle bei Burgdorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3299.0, "Surface [ha]": 2189.0 }, "Commune217": { "Name": "Lyssach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1412.0, "Surface [ha]": 605.0 }, "Commune218": { "Name": "Riedholz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2302.0, "Surface [ha]": 715.0 }, "Commune219": { "Name": "Lauperswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2637.0, "Surface [ha]": 2119.0 }, "Commune220": { "Name": "Burgdorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 15998.0, "Surface [ha]": 1556.0 }, "Commune221": { "Name": "Kirchberg (BE)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5807.0, "Surface [ha]": 905.0 }, "Commune222": { "Name": "Gerlafingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4913.0, "Surface [ha]": 185.0 }, "Commune223": { "Name": "Zuchwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8772.0, "Surface [ha]": 463.0 }, "Commune224": { "Name": "Oberried am Brienzersee", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 457.0, "Surface [ha]": 2020.0 }, "Commune225": { "Name": "Schangnau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 887.0, "Surface [ha]": 3648.0 }, "Commune226": { "Name": "Langnau im Emmental", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9107.0, "Surface [ha]": 4836.0 }, "Commune227": { "Name": "Eggiwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2421.0, "Surface [ha]": 6030.0 }, "Commune228": { "Name": "Luterbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3394.0, "Surface [ha]": 452.0 }, "Commune229": { "Name": "Signau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2714.0, "Surface [ha]": 2213.0 }, "Commune230": { "Name": "Lützelflüh", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4054.0, "Surface [ha]": 2687.0 }, "Commune231": { "Name": "Rüegsau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3162.0, "Surface [ha]": 1506.0 }, "Commune232": { "Name": "Rüderswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2313.0, "Surface [ha]": 1721.0 }, "Commune233": { "Name": "Aefligen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1061.0, "Surface [ha]": 204.0 }, "Commune234": { "Name": "Derendingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6267.0, "Surface [ha]": 562.0 }, "Commune235": { "Name": "Heimiswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1619.0, "Surface [ha]": 2336.0 }, "Commune236": { "Name": "Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2435.0, "Surface [ha]": 272.0 } }, "Total Population": 102477.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 5.582749889, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.684597599 }, "River": "Emme", "Location": "Lauperswil" }, "Glatt in Glattfelden": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "ZH", "Elevation [m]": 336.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 417.38, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 503.1, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 8.3, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.47, "Mean temperature [°C]": 12.5 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1976 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 9.24, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 9.55, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 9.56, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 8.97, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 8.31, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 8.77, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 7.48, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 6.96, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 6.87, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 7.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 7.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 9.28 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1979 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 7.6, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 10.9, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 15.0, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 18.1, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 19.7, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 19.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 17.0, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 13.6, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.6, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.9 }, "Station X [m]": 678040.0, "Station Y [m]": 269720.0, "Station": "Glatt - Rheinsfelden" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.64, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.59, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.48, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.47, "COP winter [-]": 3.59, "COP spring [-]": 4.06, "COP summer [-]": 5.07, "COP fall [-]": 4.31, "Used volume winter [m3]": 22300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 12600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 9160000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 9000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.302, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.178, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.159 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.47, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.44, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.38, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.36, "Used volume winter [m3]": 11100000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 10600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 9160000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 8510000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune237": { "Name": "Wallisellen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 15373.0, "Surface [ha]": 642.0 }, "Commune238": { "Name": "Fällanden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8192.0, "Surface [ha]": 638.0 }, "Commune239": { "Name": "Kloten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 18373.0, "Surface [ha]": 1927.0 }, "Commune240": { "Name": "Rümlang", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7553.0, "Surface [ha]": 1241.0 }, "Commune241": { "Name": "Hohentengen am Hochrhein", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 3709.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune242": { "Name": "Niederglatt", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4721.0, "Surface [ha]": 360.0 }, "Commune243": { "Name": "Opfikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 17173.0, "Surface [ha]": 559.0 }, "Commune244": { "Name": "Dübendorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 26317.0, "Surface [ha]": 1362.0 }, "Commune245": { "Name": "Oberglatt", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6639.0, "Surface [ha]": 825.0 }, "Commune246": { "Name": "Höri", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2663.0, "Surface [ha]": 479.0 }, "Commune247": { "Name": "Schwerzenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5004.0, "Surface [ha]": 262.0 }, "Commune248": { "Name": "Glattfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4838.0, "Surface [ha]": 1230.0 }, "Commune249": { "Name": "Hochfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2024.0, "Surface [ha]": 617.0 }, "Commune250": { "Name": "Bülach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 18895.0, "Surface [ha]": 1609.0 } }, "Total Population": 141474.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 6.088605655, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.276236954 }, "River": "Glatt", "Location": "Glattfelden" }, "Inn in St. Moritz": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 1770.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 155.39, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2399.0, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.066, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 5.84, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 0.94 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1907 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 1.46, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 1.34, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 1.36, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 2.41, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 8.18, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 15.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 13.8, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 10.1, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 6.99, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 4.56, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 2.89, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 1.66 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 783910.0, "Station Y [m]": 150960.0, "Station": "Inn - St. Moritzbad" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.62, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": 0.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.25, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.89, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.29, "COP winter [-]": 0.0, "COP spring [-]": 3.49, "COP summer [-]": 3.67, "COP fall [-]": 3.53, "Used volume winter [m3]": 0.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 15400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 25900000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 18300000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.49, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.253, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.481 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.074, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.2, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.64, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.24, "Used volume winter [m3]": 1760000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 4710000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 15300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 5700000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune251": { "Name": "St. Moritz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5233.0, "Surface [ha]": 2869.0 }, "Commune252": { "Name": "Sils im Engadin/Segl", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 768.0, "Surface [ha]": 6358.0 }, "Commune253": { "Name": "Silvaplana", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1067.0, "Surface [ha]": 4477.0 }, "Commune254": { "Name": "Bregaglia", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1543.0, "Surface [ha]": 25145.0 } }, "Total Population": 8611.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.838396767, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.0 }, "River": "Inn", "Location": "St. Moritz" }, "Kander in Spiez": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 650.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 490.67, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1854.6, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.079, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 20.4, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 5.26 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1981 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 7.59, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 6.67, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 10.4, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 17.9, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 34.3, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 41.2, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 38.1, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 31.4, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 21.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 15.2, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 10.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 8.88 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 617790.0, "Station Y [m]": 168400.0, "Station": "Kander - Hondrich" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.54, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.4, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.5, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.1, "COP winter [-]": 3.42, "COP spring [-]": 3.56, "COP summer [-]": 3.71, "COP fall [-]": 3.65, "Used volume winter [m3]": 32900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 54900000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 67600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 33600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.541, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.333, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.232, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.268 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.38, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.0, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.8, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.79, "Used volume winter [m3]": 9130000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 24700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 43700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 18800000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune264": { "Name": "Zwieselberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 309.0, "Surface [ha]": 246.0 }, "Commune265": { "Name": "Kandergrund", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 783.0, "Surface [ha]": 3209.0 }, "Commune266": { "Name": "Aeschi bei Spiez", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2176.0, "Surface [ha]": 3099.0 }, "Commune267": { "Name": "Reichenbach im Kandertal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3508.0, "Surface [ha]": 12577.0 }, "Commune268": { "Name": "Kandersteg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1299.0, "Surface [ha]": 13433.0 }, "Commune269": { "Name": "Frutigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6793.0, "Surface [ha]": 7228.0 } }, "Total Population": 14868.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.816739269, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.09794295 }, "River": "Kander", "Location": "Spiez (without Simme)" }, "Kleine Emme in Emmen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "LU", "Elevation [m]": 430.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 478.27, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1054.8, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 15.7, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.13, "Mean temperature [°C]": 9.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1978 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 11.8, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 11.8, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 18.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 21.8, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 23.3, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 20.6, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 16.8, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 14.6, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 12.6, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 11.3, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 11.6, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 13.5 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1978 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 2.3, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 2.6, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 4.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 7.4, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 10.9, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 14.2, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 16.6, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 16.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 13.7, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 10.1, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 5.7, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 3.1 }, "Station X [m]": 663790.0, "Station Y [m]": 213575.0, "Station": "Kleine Emme - Emmen" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.99, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.84, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.4, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.79, "COP winter [-]": 3.35, "COP spring [-]": 3.77, "COP summer [-]": 4.58, "COP fall [-]": 3.96, "Used volume winter [m3]": 85500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 41400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 20500000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 19600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.876, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.25, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.21 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.61, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.0, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.86, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.59, "Used volume winter [m3]": 14600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 24900000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 20500000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 14000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune270": { "Name": "Wolhusen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4294.0, "Surface [ha]": 1429.0 }, "Commune271": { "Name": "Werthenstein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2035.0, "Surface [ha]": 1580.0 }, "Commune272": { "Name": "Hasle (LU)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1778.0, "Surface [ha]": 4031.0 }, "Commune273": { "Name": "Emmen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 29292.0, "Surface [ha]": 2037.0 }, "Commune274": { "Name": "Ruswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6812.0, "Surface [ha]": 4525.0 }, "Commune275": { "Name": "Entlebuch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3325.0, "Surface [ha]": 5690.0 }, "Commune276": { "Name": "Doppleschwand", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 743.0, "Surface [ha]": 695.0 }, "Commune277": { "Name": "Schüpfheim", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4111.0, "Surface [ha]": 3838.0 }, "Commune278": { "Name": "Malters", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6923.0, "Surface [ha]": 2857.0 } }, "Total Population": 59313.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 2.763871737, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.491853053 }, "River": "Kleine Emme", "Location": "Emmen" }, "Landquart in Landquart": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 571.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 613.74, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1796.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.014, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 24.4, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 6.11 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1926 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 8.09, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 8.58, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 13.5, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 25.7, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 48.8, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 56.3, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 41.4, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 29.8, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 22.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 15.8, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 12.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 9.08 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 765365.0, "Station Y [m]": 204910.0, "Station": "Landquart - Felsenbach" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.98, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.56, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.8, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.1, "COP winter [-]": 3.34, "COP spring [-]": 3.63, "COP summer [-]": 3.94, "COP fall [-]": 3.73, "Used volume winter [m3]": 62700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 69500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 56600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 33400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.926, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.3, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.169, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.252 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.43, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.5, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.1, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.84, "Used volume winter [m3]": 10200000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 34700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 50300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 19900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune279": { "Name": "Seewis im Prättigau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1385.0, "Surface [ha]": 4963.0 }, "Commune280": { "Name": "Jenaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1184.0, "Surface [ha]": 2591.0 }, "Commune281": { "Name": "Küblis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 838.0, "Surface [ha]": 814.0 }, "Commune282": { "Name": "Conters im Prättigau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 209.0, "Surface [ha]": 1840.0 }, "Commune283": { "Name": "Fideris", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 587.0, "Surface [ha]": 2536.0 }, "Commune284": { "Name": "Klosters-Serneus", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4590.0, "Surface [ha]": 21980.0 }, "Commune285": { "Name": "Schiers", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2639.0, "Surface [ha]": 6166.0 }, "Commune286": { "Name": "Malans", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2306.0, "Surface [ha]": 1140.0 }, "Commune287": { "Name": "Luzein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1565.0, "Surface [ha]": 8388.0 }, "Commune288": { "Name": "Grüsch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1975.0, "Surface [ha]": 4330.0 } }, "Total Population": 17278.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.897415997, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.124397281 }, "River": "Landquart", "Location": "Landquart (before the junction)" }, "Limmat in Zurich": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "ZH", "Elevation [m]": 400.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 2173.93, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1194.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.012, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 95.6, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 41.4 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1938 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 67.5, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 72.3, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 76.1, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 93.7, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 125.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 148.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 134.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 112.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 94.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 75.8, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 74.4, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 72.9 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 682055.0, "Station Y [m]": 249430.0, "Station": "Limmat - Zürich, Unterhard" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -4.9, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -6.6, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -8.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -5.2, "COP winter [-]": 3.55, "COP spring [-]": 3.92, "COP summer [-]": 5.08, "COP fall [-]": 4.46, "Used volume winter [m3]": 193000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 161000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 155000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 101000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.345, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.208, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.156 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 3.5, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 4.9, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 6.5, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 4.1, "Used volume winter [m3]": 83900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 116000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 160000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 96600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.154, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune289": { "Name": "Zürich", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 391359.0, "Surface [ha]": 9188.0 } }, "Total Population": 391359.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 17.79178223, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 3.336335475 }, "River": "Limmat", "Location": "Zurich (with Sihl)" }, "Linth in Weesen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "SG, GL", "Elevation [m]": 419.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1061.5, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1583.9, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.025, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 54.4, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 17.8, "Mean temperature [°C]": 10.3 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 25.3, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 26.4, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 32.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 52.1, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 86.4, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 103.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 89.8, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 71.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 57.5, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 42.2, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 35.8, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 29.2 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.3, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 7.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 10.1, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 13.2, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 15.8, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 17.0, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 15.3, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 12.5, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.4, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.9 }, "Station X [m]": 725160.0, "Station Y [m]": 221380.0, "Station": "Linth - Weesen, Biäsche" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.9, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -3.8, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -5.6, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.9, "COP winter [-]": 3.59, "COP spring [-]": 3.79, "COP summer [-]": 4.51, "COP fall [-]": 4.25, "Used volume winter [m3]": 65400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 98600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 104000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 56100000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.308, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.22, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.158 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.3, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.8, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 4.4, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.2, "Used volume winter [m3]": 31900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 67300000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 104000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 53500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune311": { "Name": "Glarus Nord", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 17587.0, "Surface [ha]": 15161.0 }, "Commune312": { "Name": "Schmerikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3574.0, "Surface [ha]": 598.0 }, "Commune313": { "Name": "Schänis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3715.0, "Surface [ha]": 3990.0 }, "Commune314": { "Name": "Tuggen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3224.0, "Surface [ha]": 1509.0 }, "Commune315": { "Name": "Weesen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1592.0, "Surface [ha]": 575.0 }, "Commune316": { "Name": "Benken (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2879.0, "Surface [ha]": 1649.0 }, "Commune317": { "Name": "Uznach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6207.0, "Surface [ha]": 754.0 } }, "Total Population": 38778.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.790820241, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.32487239 }, "River": "Linth", "Location": "Weesen" }, "Linth in Näfels-Mollis": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GL", "Elevation [m]": 436.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 600.21, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1743.5, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.044, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 31.8, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 9.96, "Mean temperature [°C]": 7.4 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1971 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 18.4, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 19.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 20.8, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 29.2, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 48.8, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 56.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 50.6, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 40.1, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 33.3, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 24.9, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 21.9, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 18.2 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1971 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 4.3, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 4.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.4, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 6.6, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 8.0, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 9.3, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 10.6, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 10.9, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 9.7, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.3, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 4.7 }, "Station X [m]": 723985.0, "Station Y [m]": 217965.0, "Station": "Linth - Mollis, Linthbrücke" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.3, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.2, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -3.3, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.8, "COP winter [-]": 3.47, "COP spring [-]": 3.68, "COP summer [-]": 3.96, "COP fall [-]": 3.79, "Used volume winter [m3]": 62800000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 66700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 63400000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 44900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.43, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.257, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.164, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.213 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.92, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.6, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.4, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.3, "Used volume winter [m3]": 21900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 39000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 57900000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 31600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune309": { "Name": "Glarus", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12446.0, "Surface [ha]": 10368.0 }, "Commune310": { "Name": "Glarus Süd", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9761.0, "Surface [ha]": 43003.0 } }, "Total Population": 22207.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.039851316, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.183118922 }, "River": "Linth", "Location": "Näfels-Mollis" }, "Lorze in Hagendorn": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "ZG, ZH", "Elevation [m]": 390.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 261.72, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 678.7, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 7.4, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.22 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 6.18, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 6.35, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 6.72, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 7.93, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 8.3, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 8.89, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 8.79, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 8.46, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 7.81, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 6.77, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 6.27, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 6.31 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 674715.0, "Station Y [m]": 229845.0, "Station": "Lorze - Frauenthal" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.43, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.51, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.54, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.45, "COP winter [-]": 3.58, "COP spring [-]": 3.88, "COP summer [-]": 4.93, "COP fall [-]": 4.37, "Used volume winter [m3]": 15900000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 12600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 10300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 8560000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.32, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.209, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.156 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.31, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.38, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.43, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.35, "Used volume winter [m3]": 7430000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 9050000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 10300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 8220000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "very high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune318": { "Name": "Hünenberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8841.0, "Surface [ha]": 1866.0 }, "Commune319": { "Name": "Unterägeri", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8477.0, "Surface [ha]": 2669.0 }, "Commune320": { "Name": "Maschwanden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 665.0, "Surface [ha]": 469.0 }, "Commune321": { "Name": "Obfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4927.0, "Surface [ha]": 754.0 }, "Commune322": { "Name": "Menzingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4380.0, "Surface [ha]": 2751.0 }, "Commune323": { "Name": "Merenschwand", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3422.0, "Surface [ha]": 1351.0 }, "Commune324": { "Name": "Baar", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 23228.0, "Surface [ha]": 2485.0 }, "Commune325": { "Name": "Neuheim", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2018.0, "Surface [ha]": 793.0 }, "Commune326": { "Name": "Zug", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 28603.0, "Surface [ha]": 3384.0 }, "Commune327": { "Name": "Cham", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 15523.0, "Surface [ha]": 1912.0 } }, "Total Population": 100084.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 4.512056177, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.86097261 }, "River": "Lorze", "Location": "Hagendorn" }, "Maggia in Locarno": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "TI", "Elevation [m]": 202.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 926.95, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1518.6, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.009, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 23.2, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.04, "Mean temperature [°C]": 8.9 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1985 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 6.41, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 6.43, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 10.8, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 27.9, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 50.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 31.6, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 18.5, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 14.6, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 30.1, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 39.8, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 32.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 8.48 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1978 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 9.6, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 11.5, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 13.3, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 14.1, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 12.3, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 9.8, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.9, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 5.0 }, "Station X [m]": 703100.0, "Station Y [m]": 113860.0, "Station": "Maggia - Locarno, Solduno" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.49, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.4, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.3, "COP winter [-]": 3.5, "COP spring [-]": 3.84, "COP summer [-]": 4.21, "COP fall [-]": 3.91, "Used volume winter [m3]": 22000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 45400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 25500000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 51600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.392, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.194, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.191 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.35, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.5, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.1, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.7, "Used volume winter [m3]": 8410000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 35000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 25500000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 40500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune328": { "Name": "Avegno Gordevio", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1457.0, "Surface [ha]": 2732.0 }, "Commune329": { "Name": "Ascona", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5429.0, "Surface [ha]": 1216.0 }, "Commune330": { "Name": "Losone", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6534.0, "Surface [ha]": 926.0 }, "Commune331": { "Name": "Maggia", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2603.0, "Surface [ha]": 11115.0 }, "Commune332": { "Name": "Lavizzara", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 563.0, "Surface [ha]": 18753.0 }, "Commune333": { "Name": "Cevio", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1186.0, "Surface [ha]": 15130.0 }, "Commune334": { "Name": "Locarno", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 15803.0, "Surface [ha]": 2461.0 }, "Commune335": { "Name": "Terre di Pedemonte", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2609.0, "Surface [ha]": 1159.0 } }, "Total Population": 36184.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.373558557, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.363992948 }, "River": "Maggia", "Location": "Locarno" }, "Orbe in Orbe": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VD", "Elevation [m]": 445.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 342.66, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1148.5, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 11.5, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 2.36 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1973 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 13.7, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 13.6, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 16.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 17.2, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 12.7, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 8.41, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 6.78, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 5.78, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 6.97, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 10.1, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 12.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 14.6 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 530080.0, "Station Y [m]": 175560.0, "Station": "Orbe - Orbe, Le Chalet" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.98, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.44, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.66, "COP winter [-]": 3.41, "COP spring [-]": 3.91, "COP summer [-]": 4.9, "COP fall [-]": 4.01, "Used volume winter [m3]": 62700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 25400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 8270000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 15200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.569, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.21, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.194 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.69, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.76, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.35, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.49, "Used volume winter [m3]": 16500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 18100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 8270000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 11700000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune336": { "Name": "Orbe", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6797.0, "Surface [ha]": 1205.0 }, "Commune337": { "Name": "Agiez", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 294.0, "Surface [ha]": 546.0 }, "Commune338": { "Name": "L'Abbaye", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1450.0, "Surface [ha]": 3188.0 }, "Commune339": { "Name": "Les Rousses", "Country": "France", "Population": 3200.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune340": { "Name": "Lignerolle", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 391.0, "Surface [ha]": 1064.0 }, "Commune341": { "Name": "Vallorbe", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3582.0, "Surface [ha]": 2319.0 }, "Commune342": { "Name": "Montcherand", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 472.0, "Surface [ha]": 307.0 }, "Commune343": { "Name": "Ballaigues", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1042.0, "Surface [ha]": 906.0 }, "Commune344": { "Name": "Bretonnières", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 236.0, "Surface [ha]": 545.0 }, "Commune345": { "Name": "Le Lieu", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 860.0, "Surface [ha]": 3254.0 }, "Commune346": { "Name": "Bois-d'Amont", "Country": "France", "Population": 1700.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune347": { "Name": "Le Chenit", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4504.0, "Surface [ha]": 9919.0 }, "Commune348": { "Name": "Les Clées", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 176.0, "Surface [ha]": 704.0 } }, "Total Population": 24704.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.165197415, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.20198608 }, "River": "Orbe", "Location": "Orbe" }, "Reuss in Luzern": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "LU", "Elevation [m]": 432.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 2253.96, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1504.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.042, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 110.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 31.5, "Mean temperature [°C]": 11.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 46.3, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 51.2, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 62.5, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 96.2, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 158.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 212.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 204.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 162.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 118.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 82.2, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 66.2, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 53.3 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1973 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.4, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.1, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.5, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 12.4, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 16.1, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 18.7, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 19.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 17.1, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 13.7, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.8, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.9 }, "Station X [m]": 665330.0, "Station Y [m]": 211800.0, "Station": "Reuss - Luzern, Geissmattbrücke" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -3.5, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -7.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -12.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -5.7, "COP winter [-]": 3.58, "COP spring [-]": 3.95, "COP summer [-]": 4.91, "COP fall [-]": 4.42, "Used volume winter [m3]": 126000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 161000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 228000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 109000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.319, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.194, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.155 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 2.5, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 5.2, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 9.6, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 4.4, "Used volume winter [m3]": 59500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 125000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 228000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 105000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "very high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune360": { "Name": "Luzern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 81057.0, "Surface [ha]": 3740.0 } }, "Total Population": 81057.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 3.783241948, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.670908789 }, "River": "Reuss", "Location": "Luzern" }, "Reuss in Andermatt": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "UR", "Elevation [m]": 1427.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 190.18, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2284.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.064, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 7.69, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 1.52, "Mean temperature [°C]": 3.8 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1946 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 2.08, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 1.81, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 2.08, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 4.69, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 13.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 19.5, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 16.2, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 11.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 8.36, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 6.38, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 4.13, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 2.78 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2003 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 1.5, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 1.8, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 2.6, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 3.9, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 4.6, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 5.5, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 6.0, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 6.0, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 4.5, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 2.5, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 1.3 }, "Station X [m]": 688120.0, "Station Y [m]": 166320.0, "Station": "Reuss - Andermatt" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.84, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.053, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.46, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.44, "COP winter [-]": 3.27, "COP spring [-]": 3.45, "COP summer [-]": 3.57, "COP fall [-]": 3.48, "Used volume winter [m3]": 17500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 25800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 38600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 25200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 1.0, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.495, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.314, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.508 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.11, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.33, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.77, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.31, "Used volume winter [m3]": 2630000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 7800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 18400000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 7440000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune349": { "Name": "Hospental", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 196.0, "Surface [ha]": 3516.0 }, "Commune350": { "Name": "Andermatt", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1408.0, "Surface [ha]": 6226.0 } }, "Total Population": 1604.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.135327938, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.000907463 }, "River": "Reuss", "Location": "Andermatt" }, "Rhine in Schaffhausen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "SH, TG, SG, GR", "Elevation [m]": 383.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 11918.27, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1179.1, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.007, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 367.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 184.0, "Mean temperature [°C]": 12.1 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1959 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 251.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 246.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 260.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 319.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 434.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 563.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 550.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 472.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 405.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 339.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 287.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 273.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2009 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 3.6, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 9.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 13.3, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 17.0, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 20.0, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 20.9, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 18.6, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 15.0, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 10.7, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.8 }, "Station X [m]": 689145.0, "Station Y [m]": 281975.0, "Station": "Rhein - Neuhausen, Flurlingerbrücke" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -18.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -23.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -33.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -22.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.52, "COP spring [-]": 3.95, "COP summer [-]": 5.1, "COP fall [-]": 4.55, "Used volume winter [m3]": 850000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 577000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 625000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 410000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.42, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.216, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.151 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 13.0, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 17.0, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 26.0, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 17.0, "Used volume winter [m3]": 304000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 400000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 644000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 407000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.154, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "very high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune421": { "Name": "Zizers", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3320.0, "Surface [ha]": 1101.0 }, "Commune422": { "Name": "Landquart", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8962.0, "Surface [ha]": 1886.0 }, "Commune423": { "Name": "Maienfeld", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2740.0, "Surface [ha]": 3233.0 }, "Commune424": { "Name": "Haldenstein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1036.0, "Surface [ha]": 1856.0 }, "Commune425": { "Name": "Schaffhausen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 35927.0, "Surface [ha]": 4184.0 }, "Commune426": { "Name": "Fläsch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 719.0, "Surface [ha]": 1994.0 }, "Commune427": { "Name": "Widnau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9220.0, "Surface [ha]": 422.0 }, "Commune428": { "Name": "Untervaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2430.0, "Surface [ha]": 2772.0 }, "Commune429": { "Name": "Vilters-Wangs", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4552.0, "Surface [ha]": 3272.0 }, "Commune430": { "Name": "Wagenhausen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1667.0, "Surface [ha]": 1181.0 }, "Commune431": { "Name": "Triesen", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 5009.0, "Surface [ha]": 2646.0 }, "Commune432": { "Name": "Koblach", "Country": "Austria", "Population": 4345.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune433": { "Name": "Oberriet (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8630.0, "Surface [ha]": 3460.0 }, "Commune434": { "Name": "Rüthi (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2223.0, "Surface [ha]": 933.0 }, "Commune435": { "Name": "Diepoldsau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6188.0, "Surface [ha]": 1125.0 }, "Commune436": { "Name": "Au (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7278.0, "Surface [ha]": 465.0 }, "Commune437": { "Name": "Büsingen am Hochrhein", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 1352.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune438": { "Name": "Stein am Rhein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3335.0, "Surface [ha]": 605.0 }, "Commune439": { "Name": "St. Margrethen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5777.0, "Surface [ha]": 687.0 }, "Commune440": { "Name": "Feuerthalen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3498.0, "Surface [ha]": 248.0 }, "Commune441": { "Name": "Trimmis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3072.0, "Surface [ha]": 4287.0 }, "Commune442": { "Name": "Buchs (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12187.0, "Surface [ha]": 1595.0 }, "Commune443": { "Name": "Wartau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5219.0, "Surface [ha]": 4175.0 }, "Commune444": { "Name": "Diessenhofen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3621.0, "Surface [ha]": 1008.0 }, "Commune445": { "Name": "Felsberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2422.0, "Surface [ha]": 1340.0 }, "Commune446": { "Name": "Schaan", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 5963.0, "Surface [ha]": 2695.0 }, "Commune447": { "Name": "Balzers", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 4587.0, "Surface [ha]": 1972.0 }, "Commune448": { "Name": "Altach", "Country": "Austria", "Population": 6353.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune449": { "Name": "Schlatt (TG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1629.0, "Surface [ha]": 1554.0 }, "Commune450": { "Name": "Meiningen", "Country": "Austria", "Population": 2082.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune451": { "Name": "Neuhausen am Rheinfall", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10331.0, "Surface [ha]": 800.0 }, "Commune452": { "Name": "Bad Ragaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5705.0, "Surface [ha]": 2540.0 }, "Commune453": { "Name": "Gailingen am Hochrhein", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 2835.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune454": { "Name": "Sevelen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4813.0, "Surface [ha]": 3033.0 }, "Commune455": { "Name": "Sennwald", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5194.0, "Surface [ha]": 4156.0 }, "Commune456": { "Name": "Sargans", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6075.0, "Surface [ha]": 946.0 }, "Commune457": { "Name": "Gamprin", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 1657.0, "Surface [ha]": 617.0 }, "Commune458": { "Name": "Ruggell", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 2146.0, "Surface [ha]": 739.0 }, "Commune459": { "Name": "Altstätten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11273.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune460": { "Name": "Hemishofen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 455.0, "Surface [ha]": 790.0 }, "Commune461": { "Name": "Mäder", "Country": "Austria", "Population": 3794.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune462": { "Name": "Dörflingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 964.0, "Surface [ha]": 582.0 }, "Commune463": { "Name": "Ramsen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1373.0, "Surface [ha]": 1349.0 }, "Commune464": { "Name": "Lustenau", "Country": "Austria", "Population": 21681.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune465": { "Name": "Chur", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 34547.0, "Surface [ha]": 2809.0 }, "Commune466": { "Name": "Vaduz", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 5391.0, "Surface [ha]": 1728.0 }, "Commune467": { "Name": "Eschen", "Country": "Lichtenstein", "Population": 4313.0, "Surface [ha]": null } }, "Total Population": 287890.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 12.90251008, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 2.492191758 }, "River": "Rhine", "Location": "Schaffhausen" }, "Rhine in Ilanz": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 693.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 774.04, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2029.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.038, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 32.7, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 7.92, "Mean temperature [°C]": 6.4 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1962 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 15.7, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 15.8, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 17.5, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 23.2, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 48.7, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 68.6, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 59.7, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 42.6, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 34.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 26.3, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 21.3, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 17.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2002 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 2.1, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 2.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 3.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 6.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 7.3, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 9.0, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 10.6, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 10.9, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 9.5, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 7.2, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 4.8, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 2.9 }, "Station X [m]": 735000.0, "Station Y [m]": 182030.0, "Station": "Vorderrhein - Ilanz" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.98, "Heat extraction 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} }, "Total Population": 12170.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.688356263, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.076114223 }, "River": "Rhine", "Location": "Ilanz" }, "Rhône in Genève": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GE", "Elevation [m]": 336.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 10307.44, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1421.8, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.084, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 339.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 136.0, "Mean temperature [°C]": 11.5 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 261.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 284.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 288.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 302.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 364.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 500.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 517.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 442.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 337.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 260.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 257.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 253.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1972 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 9.2, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 11.8, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 15.1, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 17.8, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 18.7, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 16.7, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 13.4, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.6, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.9 }, "Station X [m]": 486600.0, "Station Y [m]": 112340.0, "Station": "Rhône - Chancy, Aux Ripes" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -18.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -21.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -31.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -18.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.59, "COP spring [-]": 3.9, "COP summer [-]": 4.78, "COP fall [-]": 4.34, "Used volume winter [m3]": 642000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 485000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 576000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 353000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.306, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.193, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.157 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 13.0, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 16.0, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 24.0, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 14.0, "Used volume winter [m3]": 315000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 376000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 576000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 337000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune573": { "Name": "Vernier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 34477.0, "Surface [ha]": 769.0 }, "Commune574": { "Name": "Russin", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 508.0, "Surface [ha]": 491.0 }, "Commune575": { "Name": "Genève", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 194565.0, "Surface [ha]": 1829.0 }, "Commune576": { "Name": "Onex", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 18305.0, "Surface [ha]": 282.0 }, "Commune577": { "Name": "Satigny", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4016.0, "Surface [ha]": 1892.0 }, "Commune578": { "Name": "Cartigny", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 870.0, "Surface [ha]": 438.0 }, "Commune579": { "Name": "Lancy", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 30919.0, "Surface [ha]": 477.0 }, "Commune580": { "Name": "Aire-la-Ville", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1151.0, "Surface [ha]": 293.0 }, "Commune581": { "Name": "Bernex", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9813.0, "Surface [ha]": 1295.0 }, "Commune582": { "Name": "Chancy", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1519.0, "Surface [ha]": 538.0 }, "Commune583": { "Name": "Avully", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1775.0, "Surface [ha]": 462.0 }, "Commune584": { "Name": "Dardagny", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1532.0, "Surface [ha]": 860.0 } }, "Total Population": 299450.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 12.88740662, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 2.70133845 }, "River": "Rhône", "Location": "Genève (with Arve)" }, "Rhône in Brig": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VS", "Elevation [m]": 667.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 906.06, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2338.9, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.24, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 41.6, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 6.73 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1965 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 8.35, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 7.84, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 9.24, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 16.1, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 45.2, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 91.1, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 112.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 97.8, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 54.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 28.5, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 14.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 10.1 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 641340.0, "Station Y [m]": 129700.0, "Station": "Rhône - Brig" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.62, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.6, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -6.8, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.2, "COP winter [-]": 3.35, "COP spring [-]": 3.66, "COP summer [-]": 3.8, "COP fall [-]": 3.71, "Used volume winter [m3]": 60100000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 52600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 158000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 63400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.869, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.283, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.199, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.246 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.44, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.2, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 5.0, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.6, "Used volume winter [m3]": 10400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 27800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 119000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 38600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune512": { "Name": "Riederalp", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 508.0, "Surface [ha]": 1909.0 }, "Commune513": { "Name": "Termen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 877.0, "Surface [ha]": 1865.0 }, "Commune514": { "Name": "Bister", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 33.0, "Surface [ha]": 581.0 }, "Commune515": { "Name": "Naters", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9729.0, "Surface [ha]": 14722.0 }, "Commune516": { "Name": "Fiesch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 918.0, "Surface [ha]": 1104.0 }, "Commune517": { "Name": "Mörel-Filet", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 690.0, "Surface [ha]": 855.0 }, "Commune518": { "Name": "Niederwald", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 45.0, "Surface [ha]": 466.0 }, "Commune519": { "Name": "Reckingen-Gluringen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 438.0, "Surface [ha]": 4122.0 }, "Commune520": { "Name": "Ernen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 530.0, "Surface [ha]": 3537.0 }, "Commune521": { "Name": "Grafschaft", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 190.0, "Surface [ha]": 2260.0 }, "Commune522": { "Name": "Blitzingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 80.0, "Surface [ha]": 1184.0 }, "Commune523": { "Name": "Bitsch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 866.0, "Surface [ha]": 579.0 }, "Commune524": { "Name": "Lax", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 296.0, "Surface [ha]": 542.0 }, "Commune525": { "Name": "Grengiols", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 446.0, "Surface [ha]": 5852.0 }, "Commune526": { "Name": "Münster-Geschinen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 464.0, "Surface [ha]": 4858.0 }, "Commune527": { "Name": "Brig-Glis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12935.0, "Surface [ha]": 3767.0 } }, "Total Population": 29045.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.614226145, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.187507259 }, "River": "Rhône", "Location": "Brig" }, "Rosegbach in Pontresina": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 1766.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 66.53, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2704.7, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.3, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 2.81, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 0.09, "Mean temperature [°C]": 3.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1955 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 0.2, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 0.15, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 0.15, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 0.44, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 2.58, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 6.09, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 8.82, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 8.06, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 4.21, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 1.69, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 0.74, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 0.35 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2004 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 0.4, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 0.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 1.1, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 3.3, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 5.2, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 6.8, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 7.1, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 6.9, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 6.3, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 4.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 1.6, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 0.4 }, "Station X [m]": 788810.0, "Station Y [m]": 151690.0, "Station": "Rosegbach - Pontresina" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.62, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": 0.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.07, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.52, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.14, "COP winter [-]": 0.0, "COP spring [-]": 3.51, "COP summer [-]": 3.67, "COP fall [-]": 3.56, "Used volume winter [m3]": 0.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 3570000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 15200000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 7100000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.429, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.252, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.407 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.012, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.053, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.38, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.11, "Used volume winter [m3]": 276000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 1250000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 9060000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 2620000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune585": { "Name": "Pontresina", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2161.0, "Surface [ha]": 11820.0 }, "Commune586": { "Name": "Celerina/Schlarigna", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1504.0, "Surface [ha]": 2402.0 }, "Commune587": { "Name": "Samedan", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3014.0, "Surface [ha]": null } }, "Total Population": 6679.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.649278434, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.0 }, "River": "Rosegbach", "Location": "Pontresina" }, "Sarine in Laupen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE, FR", "Elevation [m]": 480.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1861.79, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1137.5, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.002, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 53.3, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 11.5 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1949 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 44.5, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 48.8, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 55.4, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 66.3, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 72.2, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 71.2, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 54.8, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 48.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 44.3, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 42.5, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 48.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 43.6 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 584440.0, "Station Y [m]": 195300.0, "Station": "Saane - Laupen" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.96, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -2.7, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -4.4, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -3.7, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -3.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.32, "COP spring [-]": 3.81, "COP summer [-]": 4.63, "COP fall [-]": 3.98, "Used volume winter [m3]": 341000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 132000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 68600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 71500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.947, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.258, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.202 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 2.3, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 3.2, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.9, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.2, "Used volume winter [m3]": 54000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 76500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 68600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 53200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune614": { "Name": "Ferenbalm", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1228.0, "Surface [ha]": 917.0 }, "Commune615": { "Name": "Wileroltigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 383.0, "Surface [ha]": 415.0 }, "Commune616": { "Name": "Düdingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7679.0, "Surface [ha]": 3076.0 }, "Commune617": { "Name": "Kleinbösingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 590.0, "Surface [ha]": 301.0 } }, "Total Population": 9880.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.479104, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.0781014 }, "River": "Sarine", "Location": "Laupen (with Sense)" }, "Sarine in Fribourg": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "FR", "Elevation [m]": 532.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1270.56, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1247.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.003, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 41.1, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 12.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1949 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 34.4, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 37.6, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 41.6, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 50.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 56.4, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 57.1, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 43.4, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 36.6, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 33.8, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 32.8, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 37.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 32.7 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 579420.0, "Station Y [m]": 183670.0, "Station": "Sarine - Fribourg" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.96, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -2.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -3.3, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.9, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.3, "COP winter [-]": 3.32, "COP spring [-]": 3.82, "COP summer [-]": 4.63, "COP fall [-]": 3.98, "Used volume winter [m3]": 261000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 99800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 54100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 55000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.948, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.256, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.202 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.7, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.5, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.3, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.7, "Used volume winter [m3]": 41300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 58400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 54100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 40900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune601": { "Name": "Arconciel", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 802.0, "Surface [ha]": 616.0 }, "Commune602": { "Name": "Pierrafortscha", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 141.0, "Surface [ha]": 506.0 }, "Commune603": { "Name": "Granges-Paccot", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3170.0, "Surface [ha]": 399.0 }, "Commune604": { "Name": "Fribourg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 38288.0, "Surface [ha]": 928.0 }, "Commune605": { "Name": "Villars-sur-Glâne", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12137.0, "Surface [ha]": 548.0 }, "Commune606": { "Name": "Gibloux", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7025.0, "Surface [ha]": 3627.0 }, "Commune607": { "Name": "Hauterive (FR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2407.0, "Surface [ha]": 1197.0 }, "Commune608": { "Name": "Treyvaux", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1441.0, "Surface [ha]": 1140.0 }, "Commune609": { "Name": "Pont-la-Ville", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 591.0, "Surface [ha]": 551.0 }, "Commune610": { "Name": "La Sonnaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1051.0, "Surface [ha]": 696.0 }, "Commune611": { "Name": "Barberêche", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 515.0, "Surface [ha]": 918.0 }, "Commune612": { "Name": "Marly", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8095.0, "Surface [ha]": 772.0 }, "Commune613": { "Name": "Gurmels", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4070.0, "Surface [ha]": 1734.0 } }, "Total Population": 79733.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 4.023511179, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.598156966 }, "River": "Sarine", "Location": "Fribourg" }, "Sarine in Broc": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "FR, VD, BE", "Elevation [m]": 682.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 636.25, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1500.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.006, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 23.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 5.12 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1923 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 13.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 13.8, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 21.4, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 34.2, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 42.1, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 36.6, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 25.7, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 21.4, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 18.1, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 16.6, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 18.1, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 14.8 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 573520.0, "Station Y [m]": 161345.0, "Station": "Sarine - Broc, Château d'en bas" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.97, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.2, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.7, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.2, "COP winter [-]": 3.41, "COP spring [-]": 4.01, "COP summer [-]": 4.88, "COP fall [-]": 4.09, "Used volume winter [m3]": 62100000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 49000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 33000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 25800000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.567, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.191, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.186 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.69, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.6, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.4, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.87, "Used volume winter [m3]": 16400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 38500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 33000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 20800000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune588": { "Name": "Château-d'Oex", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3426.0, "Surface [ha]": 11366.0 }, "Commune589": { "Name": "Grandvillard", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 806.0, "Surface [ha]": 2432.0 }, "Commune590": { "Name": "Savièse", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7249.0, "Surface [ha]": 7098.0 }, "Commune591": { "Name": "Morlon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 585.0, "Surface [ha]": 424.0 }, "Commune592": { "Name": "Saanen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6909.0, "Surface [ha]": 12006.0 }, "Commune593": { "Name": "Broc", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2514.0, "Surface [ha]": 1003.0 }, "Commune594": { "Name": "Gsteig", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 971.0, "Surface [ha]": 6243.0 }, "Commune595": { "Name": "Haut-Intyamon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1488.0, "Surface [ha]": 6027.0 }, "Commune596": { "Name": "Bas-Intyamon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1242.0, "Surface [ha]": 3334.0 }, "Commune597": { "Name": "Bulle", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 21464.0, "Surface [ha]": 2386.0 }, "Commune598": { "Name": "Rossinière", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 554.0, "Surface [ha]": 2336.0 }, "Commune599": { "Name": "Gruyères", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2090.0, "Surface [ha]": 2844.0 }, "Commune600": { "Name": "Rougemont", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 889.0, "Surface [ha]": 4854.0 } }, "Total Population": 50187.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 2.817749115, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.318160487 }, "River": "Sarine", "Location": "Broc" }, "Sarner Aa in Sarnen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "OW", "Elevation [m]": 469.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 269.29, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1281.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 10.1, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 4.11 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1934 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 8.4, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 9.2, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 9.61, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 9.85, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 11.9, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 14.2, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 13.2, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 11.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 9.09, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 7.7, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 8.47, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 8.33 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 661460.0, "Station Y [m]": 194220.0, "Station": "Sarner Aa - Sarnen" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.6, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.7, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.8, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.54, "COP winter [-]": 3.57, "COP spring [-]": 3.89, "COP summer [-]": 4.91, "COP fall [-]": 4.35, "Used volume winter [m3]": 22000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 17300000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 15100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 10400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.322, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.21, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.157 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.43, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.52, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.64, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.42, "Used volume winter [m3]": 10200000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 12400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 15100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 9960000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "very high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune618": { "Name": "Sarnen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10232.0, "Surface [ha]": 7688.0 }, "Commune619": { "Name": "Giswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3558.0, "Surface [ha]": 8596.0 }, "Commune620": { "Name": "Alpnach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5834.0, "Surface [ha]": 5635.0 }, "Commune621": { "Name": "Sachseln", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5044.0, "Surface [ha]": 5747.0 } }, "Total Population": 24668.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.185928332, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.197103487 }, "River": "Sarner Aa", "Location": "Sarnen" }, "Sense in Thörishaus": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "FR, BE", "Elevation [m]": 553.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 351.17, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1071.9, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 8.58, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 2.05, "Mean temperature [°C]": 9.2 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1928 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 6.41, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 7.11, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 9.7, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 12.5, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 12.1, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 10.5, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 8.83, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 7.63, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 7.05, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 6.6, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 7.5, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 6.94 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2004 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 2.1, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 2.1, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 4.3, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 11.8, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 15.2, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 17.0, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 16.3, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 14.0, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 10.5, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.2, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 2.8 }, "Station X [m]": 593350.0, "Station Y [m]": 193020.0, "Station": "Sense - Thörishaus, Sensematt" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.96, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.4, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.77, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.57, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.47, "COP winter [-]": 3.32, "COP spring [-]": 3.81, "COP summer [-]": 4.63, "COP fall [-]": 3.98, "Used volume winter [m3]": 50800000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 23300000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 10600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 11200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.943, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.258, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.202 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.34, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.57, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.45, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.35, "Used volume winter [m3]": 8070000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 13500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 10600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 8340000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune622": { "Name": "Bösingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3389.0, "Surface [ha]": 1432.0 }, "Commune623": { "Name": "Zumholz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 405.0, "Surface [ha]": 190.0 }, "Commune624": { "Name": "Schwarzenburg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6779.0, "Surface [ha]": 4480.0 }, "Commune625": { "Name": "Heitenried", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1377.0, "Surface [ha]": 913.0 }, "Commune626": { "Name": "Laupen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2930.0, "Surface [ha]": 413.0 }, "Commune627": { "Name": "Guggisberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1562.0, "Surface [ha]": 5491.0 }, "Commune628": { "Name": "Plaffeien", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1978.0, "Surface [ha]": 5929.0 }, "Commune629": { "Name": "Wünnewil-Flamatt", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5444.0, "Surface [ha]": 1327.0 }, "Commune630": { "Name": "Kriechenwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 430.0, "Surface [ha]": 474.0 }, "Commune631": { "Name": "Ueberstorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2376.0, "Surface [ha]": 1611.0 }, "Commune632": { "Name": "St. Antoni", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1936.0, "Surface [ha]": 1679.0 }, "Commune633": { "Name": "Neuenegg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4948.0, "Surface [ha]": 2183.0 }, "Commune634": { "Name": "Alterswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2034.0, "Surface [ha]": 1614.0 } }, "Total Population": 35588.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.824165598, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.261189229 }, "River": "Sense", "Location": "Thörishaus" }, "Simme in Oberwil": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 777.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 343.7, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1641.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.037, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 11.8, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 2.96 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1921 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 5.38, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 5.58, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 8.52, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 14.9, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 21.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 20.6, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 17.9, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 15.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 10.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 7.75, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 7.6, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 6.17 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 600060.0, "Station Y [m]": 167090.0, "Station": "Simme - Oberwil" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.4, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.2, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.6, "COP winter [-]": 3.42, "COP spring [-]": 3.55, "COP summer [-]": 3.71, "COP fall [-]": 3.64, "Used volume winter [m3]": 24400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 39800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 32700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 18900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.542, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.341, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.232, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.276 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.28, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.74, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.89, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.43, "Used volume winter [m3]": 6760000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 17500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 21100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 10300000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune635": { "Name": "Erlenbach im Simmental", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1701.0, "Surface [ha]": 3669.0 }, "Commune636": { "Name": "Lenk", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2427.0, "Surface [ha]": 12309.0 }, "Commune637": { "Name": "Reutigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 989.0, "Surface [ha]": 1129.0 }, "Commune638": { "Name": "Zweisimmen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3015.0, "Surface [ha]": 7300.0 }, "Commune639": { "Name": "Diemtigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2134.0, "Surface [ha]": 12994.0 }, "Commune640": { "Name": "Oberwil im Simmental", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 809.0, "Surface [ha]": 4606.0 }, "Commune641": { "Name": "Wimmis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2430.0, "Surface [ha]": 2235.0 }, "Commune642": { "Name": "Därstetten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 835.0, "Surface [ha]": 3284.0 }, "Commune643": { "Name": "St. Stephan", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1342.0, "Surface [ha]": 6089.0 }, "Commune644": { "Name": "Boltigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1301.0, "Surface [ha]": 7707.0 }, "Commune645": { "Name": "Spiez", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12555.0, "Surface [ha]": 1672.0 } }, "Total Population": 29538.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.764719408, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.165508799 }, "River": "Simme", "Location": "Oberwil" }, "Sitter in St. Gallen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "SG, AR, AI", "Elevation [m]": 577.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 261.07, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1043.0, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 10.2, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 1.86 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1981 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 7.72, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 7.08, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 12.3, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 12.7, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 12.5, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 13.7, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 11.8, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 9.96, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 10.6, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 7.64, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 7.61, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 9.04 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 742540.0, "Station Y [m]": 253230.0, "Station": "Sitter - St. Gallen, Bruggen / Au" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.56, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.83, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.75, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.57, "COP winter [-]": 3.46, "COP spring [-]": 3.95, "COP summer [-]": 4.71, "COP fall [-]": 4.15, "Used volume winter [m3]": 29300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 18500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 14000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 11600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.467, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.187, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.171 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.39, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.62, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.59, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.43, "Used volume winter [m3]": 9400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 14800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 14000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 10200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune646": { "Name": "Rüte", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3480.0, "Surface [ha]": 4082.0 }, "Commune647": { "Name": "Gonten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1441.0, "Surface [ha]": 2473.0 }, "Commune648": { "Name": "Stein (AR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1387.0, "Surface [ha]": 936.0 }, "Commune649": { "Name": "Zihlschlacht-Sitterdorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2231.0, "Surface [ha]": 1221.0 }, "Commune650": { "Name": "Appenzell", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5750.0, "Surface [ha]": 1688.0 }, "Commune651": { "Name": "Häggenschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1225.0, "Surface [ha]": 907.0 }, "Commune652": { "Name": "Schlatt-Haslen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1116.0, "Surface [ha]": 1793.0 }, "Commune653": { "Name": "Schwende", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2167.0, "Surface [ha]": 5751.0 }, "Commune654": { "Name": "Waldkirch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3518.0, "Surface [ha]": 3134.0 }, "Commune655": { "Name": "Hauptwil-Gottshaus", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1919.0, "Surface [ha]": 1249.0 }, "Commune656": { "Name": "St. Gallen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 75310.0, "Surface [ha]": 3938.0 }, "Commune657": { "Name": "Bischofszell", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5816.0, "Surface [ha]": 1158.0 }, "Commune658": { "Name": "Wittenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9576.0, "Surface [ha]": 1220.0 }, "Commune659": { "Name": "Gaiserwald", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8139.0, "Surface [ha]": 1263.0 }, "Commune660": { "Name": "Teufen (AR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6112.0, "Surface [ha]": 1525.0 } }, "Total Population": 129187.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 6.739313135, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.924106908 }, "River": "Sitter", "Location": "St. Gallen" }, "Suhre in Sursee": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "LU, AG", "Elevation [m]": 504.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 75.64, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 583.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 1.29, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 0.42 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1976 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 1.3, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 1.31, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 1.4, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 1.48, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 1.49, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 1.61, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 1.44, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 1.25, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 1.04, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 0.97, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 1.01, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 1.13 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 651320.0, "Station Y [m]": 223140.0, "Station": "Suhre - Oberkirch" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.086, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.098, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.09, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.065, "COP winter [-]": 3.57, "COP spring [-]": 3.87, "COP summer [-]": 4.91, "COP fall [-]": 4.34, "Used volume winter [m3]": 3180000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 2450000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 1700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 1250000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.323, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.213, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.157 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.062, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.072, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.071, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.05, "Used volume winter [m3]": 1480000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 1720000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 1700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 1190000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "very high" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune661": { "Name": "Hirschthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1543.0, "Surface [ha]": 353.0 }, "Commune662": { "Name": "Oberentfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7775.0, "Surface [ha]": 716.0 }, "Commune663": { "Name": "Büron", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2287.0, "Surface [ha]": 537.0 }, "Commune664": { "Name": "Attelwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 276.0, "Surface [ha]": 222.0 }, "Commune665": { "Name": "Knutwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2126.0, "Surface [ha]": 974.0 }, "Commune666": { "Name": "Sursee", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9390.0, "Surface [ha]": 605.0 }, "Commune667": { "Name": "Muhen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3785.0, "Surface [ha]": 703.0 }, "Commune668": { "Name": "Geuensee", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2750.0, "Surface [ha]": 647.0 }, "Commune669": { "Name": "Oberkirch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4062.0, "Surface [ha]": 1096.0 }, "Commune670": { "Name": "Schöftland", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4162.0, "Surface [ha]": 628.0 }, "Commune671": { "Name": "Moosleerau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 923.0, "Surface [ha]": 381.0 }, "Commune672": { "Name": "Unterentfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4065.0, "Surface [ha]": 288.0 }, "Commune673": { "Name": "Triengen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4462.0, "Surface [ha]": 2209.0 }, "Commune674": { "Name": "Aarau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 20445.0, "Surface [ha]": 1234.0 }, "Commune675": { "Name": "Buchs (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7614.0, "Surface [ha]": 532.0 }, "Commune676": { "Name": "Suhr", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9787.0, "Surface [ha]": 1062.0 }, "Commune677": { "Name": "Reitnau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1262.0, "Surface [ha]": 580.0 }, "Commune678": { "Name": "Staffelbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1065.0, "Surface [ha]": 893.0 } }, "Total Population": 87779.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 4.336417645, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.677566101 }, "River": "Suhre", "Location": "Sursee" }, "Suze in Sonceboz": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 642.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 127.24, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1036.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 4.25, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 0.86, "Mean temperature [°C]": 8.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1961 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 4.76, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 4.8, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 6.12, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 6.71, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 4.7, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 3.67, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 2.84, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 2.54, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 2.56, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 3.11, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 4.06, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 5.14 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2005 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 6.1, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.8, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 7.0, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 9.7, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 10.9, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 11.5, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 11.4, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 10.4, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 9.1, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 7.4, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.3 }, "Station X [m]": 579810.0, "Station Y [m]": 227350.0, "Station": "Suze - Sonceboz" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.34, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.4, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.2, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.22, "COP winter [-]": 3.6, "COP spring [-]": 3.78, "COP summer [-]": 4.06, "COP fall [-]": 3.83, "Used volume winter [m3]": 11500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 9780000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 3580000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 5090000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.296, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.212, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.151, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.199 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.24, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.29, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.15, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.16, "Used volume winter [m3]": 5800000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 6920000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 3570000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 3840000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune679": { "Name": "Cortébert", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 717.0, "Surface [ha]": 1476.0 }, "Commune680": { "Name": "Cormoret", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 494.0, "Surface [ha]": 1348.0 }, "Commune681": { "Name": "Orvin", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1194.0, "Surface [ha]": 2159.0 }, "Commune682": { "Name": "Sonceboz-Sombeval", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1917.0, "Surface [ha]": 1496.0 }, "Commune683": { "Name": "Corgémont", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1650.0, "Surface [ha]": 1766.0 }, "Commune684": { "Name": "Villeret", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 917.0, "Surface [ha]": 1624.0 }, "Commune685": { "Name": "Sauge", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 828.0, "Surface [ha]": 1346.0 }, "Commune686": { "Name": "Saint-Imier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5083.0, "Surface [ha]": 2087.0 }, "Commune687": { "Name": "Courtelary", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1353.0, "Surface [ha]": 2221.0 }, "Commune688": { "Name": "Renan (BE)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 854.0, "Surface [ha]": 1263.0 }, "Commune689": { "Name": "Sonvilier", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1238.0, "Surface [ha]": 2378.0 }, "Commune690": { "Name": "Péry-La Heutte", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1879.0, "Surface [ha]": 2378.0 } }, "Total Population": 18124.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.990107149, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.120515538 }, "River": "Suze", "Location": "Sonceboz" }, "Thur in Bischofszell": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "TG, SG, ZH", "Elevation [m]": 456.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1085.02, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 908.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 38.3, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 7.17, "Mean temperature [°C]": 10.5 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1965 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 29.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 31.7, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 43.9, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 50.9, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 48.6, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 50.4, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 42.6, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 37.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 34.4, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 26.6, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 29.4, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 34.8 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2014 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 3.8, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.7, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 11.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 12.0, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 18.4, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 15.7, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 15.2, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 14.4, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 12.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 7.8, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 4.5 }, "Station X [m]": 733560.0, "Station Y [m]": 263180.0, "Station": "Thur - Halden" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -2.2, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -3.2, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.7, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.46, "COP spring [-]": 3.96, "COP summer [-]": 4.71, "COP fall [-]": 4.12, "Used volume winter [m3]": 117000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 69600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 51300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 41100000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.465, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.185, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.173 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.6, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.4, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.2, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.5, "Used volume winter [m3]": 37700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 56600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 51300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 35700000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune691": { "Name": "Wildhaus-Alt St. Johann", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2657.0, "Surface [ha]": 8753.0 }, "Commune692": { "Name": "Kradolf-Schönenberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3532.0, "Surface [ha]": 1095.0 }, "Commune693": { "Name": "Rickenbach (TG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2736.0, "Surface [ha]": 158.0 }, "Commune694": { "Name": "Adlikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 608.0, "Surface [ha]": 658.0 }, "Commune695": { "Name": "Oberhelfenschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1303.0, "Surface [ha]": 1265.0 }, "Commune696": { "Name": "Niederhelfenschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2954.0, "Surface [ha]": 1637.0 }, "Commune697": { "Name": "Andelfingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2153.0, "Surface [ha]": 674.0 }, "Commune698": { "Name": "Ossingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1391.0, "Surface [ha]": 1309.0 }, "Commune699": { "Name": "Altikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 667.0, "Surface [ha]": 770.0 }, "Commune700": { "Name": "Lütisburg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1439.0, "Surface [ha]": 1410.0 }, "Commune701": { "Name": "Oberbüren", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4250.0, "Surface [ha]": 1773.0 }, "Commune702": { "Name": "Bussnang", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2222.0, "Surface [ha]": 1888.0 }, "Commune703": { "Name": "Hohentannen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 619.0, "Surface [ha]": 801.0 }, "Commune704": { "Name": "Zuzwil (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4783.0, "Surface [ha]": 897.0 }, "Commune705": { "Name": "Thalheim an der Thur", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 915.0, "Surface [ha]": 644.0 }, "Commune706": { "Name": "Uzwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12695.0, "Surface [ha]": 1449.0 }, "Commune707": { "Name": "Pfyn", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1952.0, "Surface [ha]": 1314.0 }, "Commune708": { "Name": "Märstetten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2752.0, "Surface [ha]": 996.0 }, "Commune709": { "Name": "Sulgen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3663.0, "Surface [ha]": 912.0 }, "Commune710": { "Name": "Felben-Wellhausen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2660.0, "Surface [ha]": 738.0 }, "Commune711": { "Name": "Kleinandelfingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2062.0, "Surface [ha]": 1029.0 }, "Commune712": { "Name": "Lichtensteig", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1946.0, "Surface [ha]": 282.0 }, "Commune713": { "Name": "Nesslau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3644.0, "Surface [ha]": 9270.0 }, "Commune714": { "Name": "Wigoltingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2335.0, "Surface [ha]": 1713.0 }, "Commune715": { "Name": "Müllheim", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2900.0, "Surface [ha]": 874.0 }, "Commune716": { "Name": "Wil (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 23715.0, "Surface [ha]": 2082.0 }, "Commune717": { "Name": "Amlikon-Bissegg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1304.0, "Surface [ha]": 1446.0 }, "Commune718": { "Name": "Wattwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8536.0, "Surface [ha]": 5117.0 }, "Commune719": { "Name": "Jonschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3762.0, "Surface [ha]": 1099.0 }, "Commune720": { "Name": "Bürglen (TG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3598.0, "Surface [ha]": 1171.0 }, "Commune721": { "Name": "Ebnat-Kappel", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5015.0, "Surface [ha]": 4355.0 }, "Commune722": { "Name": "Weinfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11039.0, "Surface [ha]": 1548.0 }, "Commune723": { "Name": "Hüttlingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 841.0, "Surface [ha]": 1160.0 }, "Commune724": { "Name": "Bütschwil-Ganterschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4603.0, "Surface [ha]": 2183.0 }, "Commune725": { "Name": "Niederbüren", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1515.0, "Surface [ha]": 1584.0 }, "Commune726": { "Name": "Neunforn", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 932.0, "Surface [ha]": 1136.0 }, "Commune727": { "Name": "Frauenfeld", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 24578.0, "Surface [ha]": 2736.0 }, "Commune728": { "Name": "Uesslingen-Buch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1085.0, "Surface [ha]": 1403.0 } }, "Total Population": 159361.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 7.582886722, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.289389851 }, "River": "Thur", "Location": "Bischofszell (with Sitter)" }, "Ticino in Pollegio": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "TI", "Elevation [m]": 298.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 443.76, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1795.9, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.009, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 20.2, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 7.82, "Mean temperature [°C]": 8.9 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1987 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 12.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 11.9, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 12.6, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 15.8, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 29.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 34.8, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 28.1, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 19.7, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 19.7, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 23.6, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 20.5, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 14.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1978 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 9.6, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 11.5, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 13.3, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 14.1, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 12.3, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 9.8, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.9, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 5.0 }, "Station X [m]": 716120.0, "Station Y [m]": 135330.0, "Station": "Ticino - Pollegio, Campagna" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.88, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.3, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -1.8, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.4, "COP winter [-]": 3.5, "COP spring [-]": 3.82, "COP summer [-]": 4.23, "COP fall [-]": 3.92, "Used volume winter [m3]": 39200000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 30400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 32600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 32100000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.393, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.201, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.191 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.63, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.95, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.4, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.1, "Used volume winter [m3]": 15000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 22600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 32600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 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"Surface [ha]": 7519.0 }, "Commune736": { "Name": "Giornico", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 872.0, "Surface [ha]": 1952.0 }, "Commune737": { "Name": "Personico", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 349.0, "Surface [ha]": 3889.0 } }, "Total Population": 9136.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.380033003, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.085106408 }, "River": "Ticino", "Location": "Pollegio (without Brenno)" }, "Töss in Pfungen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "ZH", "Elevation [m]": 389.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 343.33, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 658.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 7.78, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 1.93 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1921 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 8.08, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 9.19, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 10.1, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 9.38, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 8.07, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 8.32, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 6.99, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 6.42, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 5.9, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 5.71, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 7.19, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 8.14 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 691460.0, "Station Y [m]": 263820.0, "Station": "Töss - Neftenbach" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.58, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.61, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.45, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.41, "COP winter [-]": 3.59, "COP spring [-]": 4.05, "COP summer [-]": 5.07, "COP fall [-]": 4.3, "Used volume winter [m3]": 20300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 13000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 8570000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 7880000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.303, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.179, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.159 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.42, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.46, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.36, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.31, "Used volume winter [m3]": 10000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 10900000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 8570000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 7420000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune755": { "Name": "Bauma", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4722.0, "Surface [ha]": 2953.0 }, "Commune756": { "Name": "Winterthur", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 106778.0, "Surface [ha]": 6807.0 }, "Commune757": { "Name": "Illnau-Effretikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 16693.0, "Surface [ha]": 3291.0 }, "Commune758": { "Name": "Turbenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4444.0, "Surface [ha]": 2522.0 }, "Commune759": { "Name": "Wila", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1921.0, "Surface [ha]": 919.0 }, "Commune760": { "Name": "Embrach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9114.0, "Surface [ha]": 1270.0 }, "Commune761": { "Name": "Rorbas", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2705.0, "Surface [ha]": 444.0 }, "Commune762": { "Name": "Weisslingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3241.0, "Surface [ha]": 1281.0 }, "Commune763": { "Name": "Freienstein-Teufen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2310.0, "Surface [ha]": 840.0 }, "Commune764": { "Name": "Buchberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 827.0, "Surface [ha]": 586.0 }, "Commune765": { "Name": "Eglisau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4966.0, "Surface [ha]": 906.0 }, "Commune766": { "Name": "Pfungen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3651.0, "Surface [ha]": 499.0 }, "Commune767": { "Name": "Dättlikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 762.0, "Surface [ha]": 288.0 }, "Commune768": { "Name": "Wildberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 994.0, "Surface [ha]": 1056.0 }, "Commune769": { "Name": "Neftenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5504.0, "Surface [ha]": 1507.0 }, "Commune770": { "Name": "Wald (ZH)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9478.0, "Surface [ha]": 2527.0 }, "Commune771": { "Name": "Eschenbach (SG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9026.0, "Surface [ha]": 5489.0 }, "Commune772": { "Name": "Fischenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2323.0, "Surface [ha]": 3024.0 } }, "Total Population": 189459.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 8.534144221, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.631289355 }, "River": "Töss", "Location": "Pfungen" }, "Vispa in Visp": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VS", "Elevation [m]": 659.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 777.85, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2661.1, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.295, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 16.8, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 4.12, "Mean temperature [°C]": 6.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1965 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 9.87, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 10.4, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 9.65, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 9.95, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 15.4, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 26.5, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 34.3, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 32.4, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 19.4, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 13.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 10.8, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 9.75 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2003 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 2.5, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 2.7, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 3.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 5.9, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 7.7, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 8.7, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 8.5, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 8.4, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 7.2, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 4.7, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 3.0 }, "Station X [m]": 634150.0, "Station Y [m]": 124850.0, "Station": "Vispa - Visp" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.71, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.8, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.98, "COP winter [-]": 3.35, "COP spring [-]": 3.6, "COP summer [-]": 3.8, "COP fall [-]": 3.68, "Used volume winter [m3]": 69300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 30700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 48900000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 30300000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.878, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.333, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.199, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.266 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.5, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.58, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.5, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.72, "Used volume winter [m3]": 11800000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 13800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 36800000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 17000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune773": { "Name": "Embd", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 304.0, "Surface [ha]": 1339.0 }, "Commune774": { "Name": "Zermatt", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5770.0, "Surface [ha]": 24291.0 }, "Commune775": { "Name": 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"Zeneggen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 278.0, "Surface [ha]": 757.0 }, "Commune785": { "Name": "Baltschieder", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1292.0, "Surface [ha]": 3134.0 } }, "Total Population": 23982.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.325572767, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.156308681 }, "River": "Vispa", "Location": "Visp" }, "Wigger in Zofingen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "AG, LU", "Elevation [m]": 426.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 366.19, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 655.8, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.0, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 5.79, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 1.96, "Mean temperature [°C]": 11.3 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1980 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 6.62, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 6.45, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 7.04, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 6.63, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 6.08, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 6.04, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 5.05, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 4.57, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 4.32, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 4.69, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 5.28, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 6.67 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2013 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 6.6, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.8, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 7.5, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 10.5, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 11.9, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 15.4, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 16.5, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 15.9, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 14.8, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 12.4, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 8.7, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 5.8 }, "Station X [m]": 637580.0, "Station Y [m]": 237080.0, "Station": "Wigger - Zofingen" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.45, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.44, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.33, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.31, "COP winter [-]": 3.6, "COP spring [-]": 3.94, "COP summer [-]": 4.6, "COP fall [-]": 4.13, "Used volume winter [m3]": 15400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 9420000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 6180000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 6260000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.298, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.181, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.167 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 1.0, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.33, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.33, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.26, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.24, "Used volume winter [m3]": 7790000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 7790000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 6180000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 5640000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.15, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.15, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune786": { "Name": "Nebikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2517.0, "Surface [ha]": 373.0 }, "Commune787": { "Name": "Brittnau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3808.0, "Surface [ha]": 1367.0 }, "Commune788": { "Name": "Schötz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4095.0, "Surface [ha]": 1527.0 }, "Commune789": { "Name": "Reiden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6892.0, "Surface [ha]": 2703.0 }, "Commune790": { "Name": "Dagmersellen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5118.0, "Surface [ha]": 2387.0 }, "Commune791": { "Name": "Altishofen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1579.0, "Surface [ha]": 576.0 }, "Commune792": { "Name": "Egolzwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1368.0, "Surface [ha]": 418.0 }, "Commune793": { "Name": "Ettiswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2562.0, "Surface [ha]": 1258.0 }, "Commune794": { "Name": "Alberswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 643.0, "Surface [ha]": 354.0 } }, "Total Population": 28582.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.327534962, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.237902277 }, "River": "Wigger", "Location": "Zofingen" }, "Aare in Brugg": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "AG, SO, BE", "Elevation [m]": 332.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 11700.91, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1002.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.02, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 314.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 143.0, "Mean temperature [°C]": 11.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 269.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 282.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 296.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 343.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 384.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 412.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 380.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 335.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 284.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 253.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 263.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 272.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 4.9, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 4.7, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.4, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 9.1, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 13.0, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 16.5, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 18.9, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 19.5, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 17.1, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 13.6, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.5, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.4 }, "Station X [m]": 657000.0, "Station Y [m]": 259360.0, "Station": "Aare - Brugg" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.17, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -4.4, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -4.0, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.2, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -3.0, "COP winter [-]": 3.54, "COP spring [-]": 3.88, "COP summer [-]": 4.86, "COP fall [-]": 4.31, "Used volume winter [m3]": 179000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 98800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 40700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 58300000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0826, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0367, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0137, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0277 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.17, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 3.2, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 3.0, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.7, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.3, "Used volume winter [m3]": 75300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 70600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 40700000.0, "Used volume fall 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"Population": 3794.0, "Surface [ha]": 432.0 }, "Commune67": { "Name": "Villigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2008.0, "Surface [ha]": 1121.0 }, "Commune68": { "Name": "Aarwangen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4312.0, "Surface [ha]": 990.0 }, "Commune69": { "Name": "Gretzenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2577.0, "Surface [ha]": 583.0 }, "Commune70": { "Name": "Obergösgen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2192.0, "Surface [ha]": 363.0 }, "Commune71": { "Name": "Villnachern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1535.0, "Surface [ha]": 575.0 }, "Commune72": { "Name": "Bettlach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4855.0, "Surface [ha]": 1219.0 }, "Commune73": { "Name": "Fulenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1698.0, "Surface [ha]": 448.0 }, "Commune74": { "Name": "Schwarzhäusern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 497.0, "Surface [ha]": 379.0 }, "Commune75": { "Name": "Rüti bei Büren", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 823.0, "Surface [ha]": 650.0 }, "Commune76": { "Name": "Bannwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 702.0, "Surface [ha]": 478.0 }, "Commune77": { "Name": "Hilterfingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4049.0, "Surface [ha]": 281.0 }, "Commune78": { "Name": "Würenlingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4452.0, "Surface [ha]": 937.0 }, "Commune79": { "Name": "Rupperswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5063.0, "Surface [ha]": 622.0 }, "Commune80": { "Name": "Boningen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 732.0, "Surface [ha]": 276.0 }, "Commune81": { "Name": "Graben", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 326.0, "Surface [ha]": 316.0 }, "Commune82": { "Name": "Solothurn", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 16545.0, "Surface [ha]": 628.0 }, "Commune83": { "Name": "Deitingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2250.0, "Surface [ha]": 760.0 }, "Commune84": { "Name": "Scheuren", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 468.0, "Surface [ha]": 211.0 }, "Commune85": { "Name": "Walliswil bei Wangen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 577.0, "Surface [ha]": 307.0 }, "Commune86": { "Name": "Eppenberg-Wöschnau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 324.0, "Surface [ha]": 181.0 }, "Commune87": { "Name": "Schönenwerd", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4837.0, "Surface [ha]": 371.0 }, "Commune88": { "Name": "Murgenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2876.0, "Surface [ha]": 1862.0 }, "Commune89": { "Name": "Böttstein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3791.0, "Surface [ha]": 743.0 }, "Commune90": { "Name": "Bellach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5165.0, "Surface [ha]": 529.0 }, "Commune91": { "Name": "Wynau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1591.0, "Surface [ha]": 507.0 }, "Commune92": { "Name": "Berken", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 44.0, "Surface [ha]": 139.0 }, "Commune93": { "Name": "Leuzigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1232.0, "Surface [ha]": 1028.0 }, "Commune94": { "Name": "Lüsslingen-Nennigkofen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1023.0, "Surface [ha]": 781.0 }, "Commune95": { "Name": "Leuggern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2123.0, "Surface [ha]": 1376.0 }, "Commune96": { "Name": "Trimbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6434.0, "Surface [ha]": 760.0 }, "Commune97": { "Name": "Küttigen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5979.0, "Surface [ha]": 1190.0 }, "Commune98": { "Name": "Erlinsbach (SO)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3341.0, "Surface [ha]": 887.0 }, "Commune99": { "Name": "Döttingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3822.0, "Surface [ha]": 693.0 }, "Commune100": { "Name": "Feldbrunnen-St. Niklaus", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 969.0, "Surface [ha]": 251.0 }, "Commune101": { "Name": "Flumenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 967.0, "Surface [ha]": 311.0 }, "Commune102": { "Name": "Wolfwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2044.0, "Surface [ha]": 688.0 }, "Commune103": { "Name": "Walliswil bei Niederbipp", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 211.0, "Surface [ha]": 147.0 }, "Commune104": { "Name": "Allmendingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 553.0, "Surface [ha]": 381.0 }, "Commune105": { "Name": "Grenchen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 16480.0, "Surface [ha]": 2603.0 }, "Commune106": { "Name": "Klingnau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3263.0, "Surface [ha]": 671.0 }, "Commune107": { "Name": "Arch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1531.0, "Surface [ha]": 638.0 }, "Commune108": { "Name": "Winznau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1829.0, "Surface [ha]": 394.0 }, "Commune109": { "Name": "Wangen an der Aare", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2201.0, "Surface [ha]": 522.0 }, "Commune110": { "Name": "Selzach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3221.0, "Surface [ha]": 1947.0 }, "Commune111": { "Name": "Biberstein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1486.0, "Surface [ha]": 410.0 }, "Commune112": { "Name": "Dulliken", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4855.0, "Surface [ha]": 604.0 }, "Commune113": { "Name": "Schinznach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2238.0, "Surface [ha]": 1224.0 }, "Commune114": { "Name": "Holderbank (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1101.0, "Surface [ha]": 233.0 } }, "Total Population": 162599.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 6.973120653, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.471846148 }, "River": "Aare", "Location": "Brugg (before the junction)" }, "Aare in Bern": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BE", "Elevation [m]": 502.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 2965.14, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1589.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.08, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 122.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 42.8, "Mean temperature [°C]": 10.7 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 60.5, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 60.3, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 68.5, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 108.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 177.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 219.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 213.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 190.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 133.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 87.3, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 75.6, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 65.9 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.2, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.0, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 7.9, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 11.1, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 14.1, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 16.4, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 17.3, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 15.6, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 13.0, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.5, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.6 }, "Station X [m]": 600710.0, "Station Y [m]": 198000.0, "Station": "Aare - Bern, Schönau" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.11, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.67, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.82, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.74, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.65, "COP winter [-]": 3.56, "COP spring [-]": 3.8, "COP summer [-]": 4.61, "COP fall [-]": 4.25, "Used volume winter [m3]": 25300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 21100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 13800000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 12500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0516, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0227, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.00844, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0161 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.11, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.48, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.6, "Heat disposal 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5101.0 }, "Commune29": { "Name": "Kiesen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 927.0, "Surface [ha]": 469.0 }, "Commune30": { "Name": "Muri bei Bern", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12967.0, "Surface [ha]": 763.0 }, "Commune31": { "Name": "Jaberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 253.0, "Surface [ha]": 131.0 }, "Commune32": { "Name": "Heimberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6631.0, "Surface [ha]": 544.0 }, "Commune33": { "Name": "Kehrsatz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4210.0, "Surface [ha]": 444.0 }, "Commune34": { "Name": "Uetendorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6008.0, "Surface [ha]": 1017.0 }, "Commune35": { "Name": "Münsingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11646.0, "Surface [ha]": 1212.0 }, "Commune36": { "Name": "Belp", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11466.0, "Surface [ha]": 2326.0 }, "Commune37": { "Name": "Gerzensee", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1176.0, "Surface [ha]": 781.0 } }, "Total Population": 233246.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 11.50503837, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.804041187 }, "River": "Aare", "Location": "Bern" }, "Inn in Scuol-Tarasp": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 1183.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1580.76, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2386.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.051, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 20.3, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 3.92 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 4.9, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 4.41, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 5.22, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 8.14, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 28.4, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 61.1, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 53.6, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 31.8, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 20.5, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 11.8, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 7.34, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 5.7 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 816800.0, "Station Y [m]": 185910.0, "Station": "Inn - Tarasp" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.89, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 0.63, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": 0.0, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.79, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.8, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.68, "COP winter [-]": 0.0, "COP spring [-]": 3.49, "COP summer [-]": 3.67, "COP fall [-]": 3.53, "Used volume winter [m3]": 0.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 51200000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 82200000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 43500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.466, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.213, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.417 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.89, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.24, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.64, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.0, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.55, "Used volume winter [m3]": 5640000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 15200000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 48700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 13000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.143, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.139, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.126, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.125, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune255": { "Name": "Bever", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 620.0, "Surface [ha]": 4575.0 }, "Commune256": { "Name": "Zuoz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1244.0, "Surface [ha]": 6579.0 }, "Commune257": { "Name": "S-chanf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 715.0, "Surface [ha]": 13804.0 }, "Commune258": { "Name": "Madulain", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 232.0, "Surface [ha]": 1628.0 }, "Commune259": { "Name": "La Punt-Chamues-ch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 752.0, "Surface [ha]": 6328.0 }, "Commune260": { "Name": "Zernez", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1566.0, "Surface [ha]": 34404.0 } }, "Total Population": 5129.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.385317111, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.012600671 }, "River": "Inn", "Location": "Scuol-Tarasp" }, "Limmat in Baden": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "AG, ZH", "Elevation [m]": 351.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 2393.67, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1131.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.011, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 101.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 44.3, "Mean temperature [°C]": 12.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1951 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 73.9, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 79.7, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 82.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 99.3, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 133.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 155.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 140.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 117.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 99.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 80.6, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 77.3, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 79.1 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 5.0, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 4.8, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 5.9, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 12.8, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 17.0, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 19.9, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 20.9, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 18.2, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 14.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 9.8, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 6.6 }, "Station X [m]": 665640.0, "Station Y [m]": 258690.0, "Station": "Limmat - Baden, Limmatpromenade" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.06, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.46, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -0.44, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -0.37, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -0.26, "COP winter [-]": 3.55, "COP spring [-]": 3.91, "COP summer [-]": 5.07, "COP fall [-]": 4.47, "Used volume winter [m3]": 18400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 10900000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 7100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 4890000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.03, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0132, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.00655, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.00724 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.06, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.33, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 0.32, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 0.3, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 0.2, "Used volume winter [m3]": 7890000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 7690000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 7300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 4730000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0129, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.00931, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.00673, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.00701, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune290": { "Name": "Geroldswil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4831.0, "Surface [ha]": 193.0 }, "Commune291": { "Name": "Wettingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 20221.0, "Surface [ha]": 1060.0 }, "Commune292": { "Name": "Gebenstorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4911.0, "Surface [ha]": 565.0 }, "Commune293": { "Name": "Unterengstringen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3569.0, "Surface [ha]": 334.0 }, "Commune294": { "Name": "Dietikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 26277.0, "Surface [ha]": 934.0 }, "Commune295": { "Name": "Baden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 18670.0, "Surface [ha]": 1317.0 }, "Commune296": { "Name": "Neuenhof", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8603.0, "Surface [ha]": 538.0 }, "Commune297": { "Name": "Untersiggenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7104.0, "Surface [ha]": 828.0 }, "Commune298": { "Name": "Obersiggenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8637.0, "Surface [ha]": 836.0 }, "Commune299": { "Name": "Schlieren", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 17905.0, "Surface [ha]": 659.0 }, "Commune300": { "Name": "Würenlos", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6068.0, "Surface [ha]": 902.0 }, "Commune301": { "Name": "Weiningen (ZH)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4414.0, "Surface [ha]": 538.0 }, "Commune302": { "Name": "Spreitenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11040.0, "Surface [ha]": 860.0 }, "Commune303": { "Name": "Oetwil an der Limmat", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2309.0, "Surface [ha]": 277.0 }, "Commune304": { "Name": "Ennetbaden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3302.0, "Surface [ha]": 211.0 }, "Commune305": { "Name": "Brugg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 11104.0, "Surface [ha]": 636.0 }, "Commune306": { "Name": "Oberengstringen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6551.0, "Surface [ha]": 215.0 }, "Commune307": { "Name": "Turgi", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2962.0, "Surface [ha]": 155.0 }, "Commune308": { "Name": "Killwangen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1929.0, "Surface [ha]": 243.0 } }, "Total Population": 170407.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 7.430630006, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.517431733 }, "River": "Limmat", "Location": "Baden" }, "Reuss in Mellingen": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "AG, LU", "Elevation [m]": 345.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 3385.74, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1259.3, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.028, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 140.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 44.3, "Mean temperature [°C]": 11.5 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 70.4, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 77.5, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 93.9, "Mean flowrate in April 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"Used volume spring [m3]": 8340000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 10200000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 8580000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0136, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.00748, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.00569, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.00947, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune361": { "Name": "Niederwil (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2651.0, "Surface [ha]": 615.0 }, "Commune362": { "Name": "Mühlau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1015.0, "Surface [ha]": 552.0 }, "Commune363": { "Name": "Birrhard", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 673.0, "Surface [ha]": 300.0 }, "Commune364": { "Name": "Honau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 381.0, "Surface [ha]": 125.0 }, "Commune365": { "Name": "Inwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2429.0, "Surface [ha]": 1032.0 }, "Commune366": { "Name": "Ebikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12781.0, "Surface [ha]": 968.0 }, "Commune367": { "Name": "Dietwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1279.0, "Surface [ha]": 549.0 }, "Commune368": { "Name": "Sins", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4216.0, "Surface [ha]": 2031.0 }, "Commune369": { "Name": "Risch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10036.0, "Surface [ha]": 2297.0 }, "Commune370": { "Name": "Gisikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1134.0, "Surface [ha]": 108.0 }, "Commune371": { "Name": "Oberrüti", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1477.0, "Surface [ha]": 538.0 }, "Commune372": { "Name": "Tägerig", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1427.0, "Surface [ha]": 329.0 }, "Commune373": { "Name": "Birmenstorf (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2904.0, "Surface [ha]": 780.0 }, "Commune374": { "Name": "Jonen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1959.0, "Surface [ha]": 570.0 }, "Commune375": { "Name": "Bürglen (UR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3980.0, "Surface [ha]": 5306.0 }, "Commune376": { "Name": "Eggenwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 937.0, "Surface [ha]": 246.0 }, "Commune377": { "Name": "Ottenbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2548.0, "Surface [ha]": 502.0 }, "Commune378": { "Name": "Wohlenschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1482.0, "Surface [ha]": 439.0 }, "Commune379": { "Name": "Fischbach-Göslikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1580.0, "Surface [ha]": 307.0 }, "Commune380": { "Name": "Unterlunkhofen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1291.0, "Surface [ha]": 449.0 }, "Commune381": { "Name": "Rottenschwil", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 809.0, "Surface [ha]": 449.0 }, "Commune382": { "Name": "Mellingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5150.0, "Surface [ha]": 487.0 }, "Commune383": { "Name": "Bremgarten (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7755.0, "Surface [ha]": 1136.0 }, "Commune384": { "Name": "Mülligen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1039.0, "Surface [ha]": 316.0 }, "Commune385": { "Name": "Künten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1685.0, "Surface [ha]": 489.0 }, "Commune386": { "Name": "Zufikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4376.0, "Surface [ha]": 481.0 }, "Commune387": { "Name": "Stetten (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2013.0, "Surface [ha]": 441.0 }, "Commune388": { "Name": "Root", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4736.0, "Surface [ha]": 865.0 }, "Commune389": { "Name": "Buchrain", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6161.0, "Surface [ha]": 480.0 } }, "Total Population": 89904.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 3.899845338, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.80475318 }, "River": "Reuss", "Location": "Mellingen" }, "Reuss in Altdorf": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "UR", "Elevation [m]": 438.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 833.2, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2012.8, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.095, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 44.2, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 7.17, "Mean temperature [°C]": 6.5 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1922 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 11.2, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 11.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 14.5, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 29.5, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 67.7, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 102.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 97.3, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 76.4, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 51.4, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 31.8, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 21.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 14.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1971 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 3.2, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 3.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 4.7, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 5.9, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 7.3, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 8.7, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 10.0, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 10.2, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 9.2, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 7.3, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 4.9, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 3.5 }, "Station X [m]": 690085.0, "Station Y [m]": 193210.0, "Station": "Reuss - Seedorf" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.83, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -0.69, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.1, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -5.1, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.9, "COP winter [-]": 3.39, "COP spring [-]": 3.64, "COP summer [-]": 3.9, "COP fall [-]": 3.74, "Used volume winter [m3]": 48600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 67500000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 106000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 54400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.51, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.23, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.146, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.197 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.83, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.49, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.5, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 3.8, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.4, "Used volume winter [m3]": 11600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 36300000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 90300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 33900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.122, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.123, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.125, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.123, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune351": { "Name": "Altdorf (UR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9141.0, "Surface [ha]": 1021.0 }, "Commune352": { "Name": "Wassen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 436.0, "Surface [ha]": 9688.0 }, "Commune353": { "Name": "Schattdorf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5058.0, "Surface [ha]": 1633.0 }, "Commune354": { "Name": "Göschenen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 436.0, "Surface [ha]": 10415.0 }, "Commune355": { "Name": "Flüelen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1959.0, "Surface [ha]": 1575.0 }, "Commune356": { "Name": "Silenen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2164.0, "Surface [ha]": 14478.0 }, "Commune357": { "Name": "Erstfeld", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3786.0, "Surface [ha]": 5909.0 }, "Commune358": { "Name": "Gurtnellen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 573.0, "Surface [ha]": 8331.0 }, "Commune359": { "Name": "Seedorf (UR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1816.0, "Surface [ha]": 1820.0 } }, "Total Population": 25369.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.189835372, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.208799555 }, "River": "Reuss", "Location": "Altdorf (with Schächen)" }, "Rhine in Basel": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "BS, BL, AG, ZH", "Elevation [m]": 246.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 35866.37, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1013.1, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.012, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 1051.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 459.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1891 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 778.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 779.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 858.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 1050.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 1291.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 1535.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 1470.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 1267.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 1063.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 884.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 823.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 800.0 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 613400.0, "Station Y [m]": 267650.0, "Station": "Rhein - Basel, Rheinhalle" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.054, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -2.3, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -3.8, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -5.3, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -3.6, "COP winter [-]": 3.52, "COP spring [-]": 3.94, "COP summer [-]": 5.04, "COP fall [-]": 4.46, "Used volume winter [m3]": 100000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 89200000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 101000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 69500000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0161, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0106, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.00895, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.00954 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.054, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.7, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.8, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 4.2, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.8, "Used volume winter [m3]": 39300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 66800000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 101000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 67200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.00634, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.00794, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.00898, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.00922, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "extreme" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune468": { "Name": "Basel", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 168620.0, "Surface [ha]": 2385.0 }, "Commune469": { "Name": "Waldshut-Tiengen", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 22808.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune470": { "Name": "Dachsen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2008.0, "Surface [ha]": 270.0 }, "Commune471": { "Name": "Flaach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1363.0, "Surface [ha]": 1017.0 }, "Commune472": { "Name": "Murg", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 6757.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune473": { "Name": "Bad Säckingen", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 16376.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune474": { "Name": "Eiken", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2208.0, "Surface [ha]": 709.0 }, "Commune475": { "Name": "Laufenburg (Baden)", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 8739.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune476": { "Name": "Rümikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 274.0, "Surface [ha]": 290.0 }, "Commune477": { "Name": "Mettauertal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1920.0, "Surface [ha]": 2160.0 }, "Commune478": { "Name": "Full-Reuenthal", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 835.0, "Surface [ha]": 482.0 }, "Commune479": { "Name": "Kaisten", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2573.0, "Surface [ha]": 1809.0 }, "Commune480": { "Name": "Kaiserstuhl", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 404.0, "Surface [ha]": 32.0 }, "Commune481": { "Name": "Rheinfelden (Baden)", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 32245.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune482": { "Name": "Hüntwangen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1015.0, "Surface [ha]": 491.0 }, "Commune483": { "Name": "Schwörstadt", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 2396.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune484": { "Name": "Weiach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1158.0, "Surface [ha]": 958.0 }, "Commune485": { "Name": "Jestetten", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 5006.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune486": { "Name": "Albbruck", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 7110.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune487": { "Name": "Rietheim", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 728.0, "Surface [ha]": 392.0 }, "Commune488": { "Name": "Bad Zurzach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4139.0, "Surface [ha]": 652.0 }, "Commune489": { "Name": "Lottstetten", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 2163.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune490": { "Name": "Rüdlingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 760.0, "Surface [ha]": 552.0 }, "Commune491": { "Name": "Stein (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3120.0, "Surface [ha]": 281.0 }, "Commune492": { "Name": "Marthalen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1990.0, "Surface [ha]": 1413.0 }, "Commune493": { "Name": "Dogern", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 2282.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune494": { "Name": "Sisseln", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1517.0, "Surface [ha]": 252.0 }, "Commune495": { "Name": "Fisibach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 417.0, "Surface [ha]": 577.0 }, "Commune496": { "Name": "Leibstadt", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1325.0, "Surface [ha]": 639.0 }, "Commune497": { "Name": "Laufen-Uhwiesen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1632.0, "Surface [ha]": 628.0 }, "Commune498": { "Name": "Wehr", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 12632.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune499": { "Name": "Rheinfelden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 12897.0, "Surface [ha]": 1604.0 }, "Commune500": { "Name": "Mellikon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 241.0, "Surface [ha]": 270.0 }, "Commune501": { "Name": "Wallbach", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1884.0, "Surface [ha]": 451.0 }, "Commune502": { "Name": "Möhlin", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 10746.0, "Surface [ha]": 1878.0 }, "Commune503": { "Name": "Schwaderloch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 660.0, "Surface [ha]": 279.0 }, "Commune504": { "Name": "Laufenburg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3330.0, "Surface [ha]": 1449.0 }, "Commune505": { "Name": "Riehen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 20774.0, "Surface [ha]": 1087.0 }, "Commune506": { "Name": "Berg am Irchel", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 579.0, "Surface [ha]": 701.0 }, "Commune507": { "Name": "Flurlingen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1426.0, "Surface [ha]": 241.0 }, "Commune508": { "Name": "Mumpf", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1340.0, "Surface [ha]": 311.0 }, "Commune509": { "Name": "Rheinau", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1315.0, "Surface [ha]": 893.0 }, "Commune510": { "Name": "Rekingen (AG)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 990.0, "Surface [ha]": 310.0 }, "Commune511": { "Name": "Küssaberg", "Country": "Germany", "Population": 5266.0, "Surface [ha]": null } }, "Total Population": 377968.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 14.97785423, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 3.673282008 }, "River": "Rhine", "Location": "Basel" }, "Rhine in Thusis": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 650.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1576.85, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2135.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.018, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 39.6, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 8.33 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1974 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 20.3, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 22.5, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 22.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 26.7, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 56.5, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 85.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 70.2, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 46.5, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 41.3, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 36.4, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 27.2, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 20.1 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 753570.0, "Station Y [m]": 175730.0, "Station": "Hinterrhein - Fürstenau" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.64, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.1, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.5, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -2.5, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -1.5, "COP winter [-]": 3.33, "COP spring [-]": 3.61, "COP summer [-]": 3.94, "COP fall [-]": 3.71, "Used volume winter [m3]": 125000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 56600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 50100000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 44600000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.753, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.205, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0945, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.162 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.64, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.74, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.1, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 1.9, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.1, "Used volume winter [m3]": 17700000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 26200000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 44600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 25900000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.107, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0945, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.084, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.094, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune390": { "Name": "Thusis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2994.0, "Surface [ha]": 681.0 }, "Commune391": { "Name": "Avers", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 167.0, "Surface [ha]": 9312.0 }, "Commune392": { "Name": "Andeer", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 903.0, "Surface [ha]": 4630.0 }, "Commune393": { "Name": "Ferrera", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 88.0, "Surface [ha]": 7546.0 }, "Commune394": { "Name": "Zillis-Reischen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 410.0, "Surface [ha]": 2447.0 }, "Commune395": { "Name": "Hinterrhein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 65.0, "Surface [ha]": 4830.0 }, "Commune396": { "Name": "Rongellen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 57.0, "Surface [ha]": 202.0 }, "Commune397": { "Name": "Splügen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 384.0, "Surface [ha]": 6049.0 }, "Commune398": { "Name": "Lohn (GR)", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 41.0, "Surface [ha]": 817.0 }, "Commune399": { "Name": "Nufenen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 157.0, "Surface [ha]": 2803.0 }, "Commune400": { "Name": "Sufers", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 128.0, "Surface [ha]": 3462.0 }, "Commune401": { "Name": "Donat", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 206.0, "Surface [ha]": 467.0 } }, "Total Population": 5600.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.307623077, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.03689 }, "River": "Rhine", "Location": "Thusis (with Albula)" }, "Rhône in Sion": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VS", "Elevation [m]": 484.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 3372.39, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2291.4, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.18, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 110.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 24.9, "Mean temperature [°C]": 7.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1916 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 37.5, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 36.8, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 38.1, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 50.6, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 116.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 229.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 265.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 230.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 144.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 75.9, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 51.2, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 51.1 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1974 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 3.8, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.2, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.0, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 8.9, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 8.9, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 8.9, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 8.6, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 8.5, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 7.5, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 5.6, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 4.1 }, "Station X [m]": 593770.0, "Station Y [m]": 118630.0, "Station": "Rhône - Sion" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.49, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.6, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.2, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -7.4, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.9, "COP winter [-]": 3.44, "COP spring [-]": 3.77, "COP summer [-]": 3.83, "COP fall [-]": 3.73, "Used volume winter [m3]": 88500000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 56100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 167000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 79700000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.268, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.104, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0876, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.112 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.49, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.1, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.6, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 5.5, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.2, "Used volume winter [m3]": 27300000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 39100000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 130000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 51300000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0826, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0727, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0683, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0719, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune528": { "Name": "Saint-Léonard", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2209.0, "Surface [ha]": 389.0 }, "Commune529": { "Name": "Leuk", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3842.0, "Surface [ha]": 5515.0 }, "Commune530": { "Name": "Grône", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2310.0, "Surface [ha]": 2030.0 }, "Commune531": { "Name": "Salgesch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1448.0, "Surface [ha]": 1136.0 }, "Commune532": { "Name": "Sion", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 33296.0, "Surface [ha]": 2981.0 }, "Commune533": { "Name": "Turtmann-Unterems", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1111.0, "Surface [ha]": 4242.0 }, "Commune534": { "Name": "Steg-Hohtenn", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1566.0, "Surface [ha]": 1403.0 }, "Commune535": { "Name": "Gampel-Bratsch", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1908.0, "Surface [ha]": 2304.0 }, "Commune536": { "Name": "Varen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 616.0, "Surface [ha]": 1281.0 }, "Commune537": { "Name": "Sierre", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 16547.0, "Surface [ha]": 1913.0 }, "Commune538": { "Name": "Chippis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1651.0, "Surface [ha]": 197.0 }, "Commune539": { "Name": "Raron", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1914.0, "Surface [ha]": 3035.0 }, "Commune540": { "Name": "Lalden", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 667.0, "Surface [ha]": 130.0 }, "Commune541": { "Name": "Niedergesteln", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 679.0, "Surface [ha]": 1763.0 }, "Commune542": { "Name": "Ausserberg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 631.0, "Surface [ha]": 1501.0 } }, "Total Population": 70395.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 3.42428355, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.55429023 }, "River": "Rhône", "Location": "Sion" }, "Ticino in Bellinzona": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "TI", "Elevation [m]": 220.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1517.49, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 1681.1, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.007, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 68.1, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 20.7, "Mean temperature [°C]": 8.9 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1921 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 30.4, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 29.6, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 33.7, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 53.8, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 109.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 130.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 101.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 77.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 76.4, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 73.9, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 62.5, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 37.3 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1978 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 4.4, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 5.1, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 6.8, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 8.3, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 9.6, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 11.5, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 13.3, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 14.1, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 12.3, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 9.8, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 6.9, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 5.0 }, "Station X [m]": 721245.0, "Station Y [m]": 117025.0, "Station": "Ticino - Bellinzona" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.68, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.4, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -3.1, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -4.9, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -3.3, "COP winter [-]": 3.5, "COP spring [-]": 3.83, "COP summer [-]": 4.23, "COP fall [-]": 3.95, "Used volume winter [m3]": 61400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 71600000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 88900000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 73000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.24, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.139, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.11, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.13 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.68, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 0.98, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.3, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 3.7, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.5, "Used volume winter [m3]": 23400000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 54900000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 88900000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 58800000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0916, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.106, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.11, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.105, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "moderate" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune738": { "Name": "Biasca", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6185.0, "Surface [ha]": 5899.0 }, "Commune739": { "Name": "Iragna", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 563.0, "Surface [ha]": 1846.0 }, "Commune740": { "Name": "Cresciano", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 676.0, "Surface [ha]": 1768.0 }, "Commune741": { "Name": "Arbedo-Castione", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4703.0, "Surface [ha]": 2139.0 }, "Commune742": { "Name": "Gorduno", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 765.0, "Surface [ha]": 920.0 }, "Commune743": { "Name": "Gudo", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 837.0, "Surface [ha]": 1002.0 }, "Commune744": { "Name": "Lodrino", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1736.0, "Surface [ha]": 3142.0 }, "Commune745": { "Name": "Bellinzona", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 18131.0, "Surface [ha]": 1912.0 }, "Commune746": { "Name": "Monte Carasso", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2796.0, "Surface [ha]": 969.0 }, "Commune747": { "Name": "Sementina", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3106.0, "Surface [ha]": 814.0 }, "Commune748": { "Name": "Claro", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2807.0, "Surface [ha]": 2056.0 }, "Commune749": { "Name": "Preonzo", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 615.0, "Surface [ha]": 1634.0 }, "Commune750": { "Name": "Moleno", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 127.0, "Surface [ha]": 759.0 }, "Commune751": { "Name": "Osogna", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1046.0, "Surface [ha]": 1902.0 }, "Commune752": { "Name": "Giubiasco", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8618.0, "Surface [ha]": 626.0 }, "Commune753": { "Name": "Cugnasco-Gerra", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2887.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune754": { "Name": "Gnosca", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 724.0, "Surface [ha]": 746.0 } }, "Total Population": 56322.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 2.176412054, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.55871424 }, "River": "Ticino", "Location": "Bellinzona" }, "Inn in Martina": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 1030.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 1941.29, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2351.2, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.043, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 53.5, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 8.27, "Mean temperature [°C]": 5.6 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1970 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 27.0, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 27.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 26.2, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 28.9, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 71.3, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 119.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 108.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 75.7, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 53.9, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 43.4, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 33.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 26.0 }, "Temperature regime": { "Timespan of observations": "2003 - 2014", "Mean temperature in January [°C]": 2.3, "Mean temperature in February [°C]": 2.5, "Mean temperature in March [°C]": 3.7, "Mean temperature in April [°C]": 5.4, "Mean temperature in May [°C]": 6.7, "Mean temperature in June [°C]": 8.2, "Mean temperature in July [°C]": 9.4, "Mean temperature in August [°C]": 9.4, "Mean temperature in September [°C]": 8.0, "Mean temperature in October [°C]": 5.9, "Mean temperature in November [°C]": 3.8, "Mean temperature in December [°C]": 2.5 }, "Station X [m]": 830640.0, "Station Y [m]": 197190.0, "Station": "Inn - Martina" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.69, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.5, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -1.9, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -3.5, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.1, "COP winter [-]": 3.33, "COP spring [-]": 3.56, "COP summer [-]": 3.84, "COP fall [-]": 3.6, "Used volume winter [m3]": 180000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 79000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 77900000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 81400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.855, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.238, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0978, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.236 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.69, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.1, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 1.4, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 2.6, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.5, "Used volume winter [m3]": 25600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 33400000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 61600000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 36000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.122, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.1, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0774, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.105, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune261": { "Name": "Scuol", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4643.0, "Surface [ha]": 43863.0 }, "Commune262": { "Name": "Valsot", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 908.0, "Surface [ha]": 15896.0 }, "Commune263": { "Name": "Nauders", "Country": "Austria", "Population": 1561.0, "Surface [ha]": null } }, "Total Population": 7112.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 0.493066754, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.02590546 }, "River": "Inn", "Location": "Martina" }, "Rhine in Chur": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "GR", "Elevation [m]": 575.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 3228.55, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2019.0, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.023, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 115.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 35.1 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1962 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 62.3, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 64.5, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 64.6, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 84.7, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 170.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 232.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 195.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 140.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 122.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 99.5, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 80.7, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 64.6 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 753890.0, "Station Y [m]": 189370.0, "Station": "Rhein - Domat/Ems" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.38, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -1.9, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -2.9, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -4.3, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -2.6, "COP winter [-]": 3.33, "COP spring [-]": 3.61, "COP summer [-]": 3.95, "COP fall [-]": 3.72, "Used volume winter [m3]": 220000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 103000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 85700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 78200000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.438, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.122, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0575, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0984 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.38, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 1.3, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 2.1, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 3.2, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 1.9, "Used volume winter [m3]": 31600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 49200000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 76700000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 45400000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0627, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0586, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0514, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0571, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune409": { "Name": "Domleschg", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1939.0, "Surface [ha]": 4594.0 }, "Commune410": { "Name": "Cazis", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2144.0, "Surface [ha]": 3118.0 }, "Commune411": { "Name": "Rhäzüns", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1371.0, "Surface [ha]": 1337.0 }, "Commune412": { "Name": "Rothenbrunnen", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 309.0, "Surface [ha]": 311.0 }, "Commune413": { "Name": "Safiental", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 895.0, "Surface [ha]": 15142.0 }, "Commune414": { "Name": "Tamins", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1226.0, "Surface [ha]": 4074.0 }, "Commune415": { "Name": "Trin", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1276.0, "Surface [ha]": 4717.0 }, "Commune416": { "Name": "Bonaduz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3097.0, "Surface [ha]": 1440.0 }, "Commune417": { "Name": "Sagogn", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 673.0, "Surface [ha]": 692.0 }, "Commune418": { "Name": "Domat/Ems", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7745.0, "Surface [ha]": 2422.0 }, "Commune419": { "Name": "Schluein", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 563.0, "Surface [ha]": 479.0 }, "Commune420": { "Name": "Flims", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2644.0, "Surface [ha]": 5050.0 } }, "Total Population": 23882.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 1.244045529, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 0.171204088 }, "River": "Rhine", "Location": "Chur (without Plessur)" }, "Rhône in Aigle": { "Properties": { "Canton(s)": "VD, VS", "Elevation [m]": 377.0, "Catchment area [km2]": 5238.08, "Average elevation of catchment [m]": 2126.7, "Glacial fraction of catchment [-]": 0.143, "Mean flowrate [m3/s]": 182.0, "Mean low flowrate (Q347) [m3/s]": 57.0 }, "Observations": { "Flow regime": { "Timespan of observations": "1935 - 2014", "Mean flowrate in January [m3/s]": 96.1, "Mean flowrate in February [m3/s]": 101.0, "Mean flowrate in March [m3/s]": 102.0, "Mean flowrate in April [m3/s]": 120.0, "Mean flowrate in May [m3/s]": 208.0, "Mean flowrate in June [m3/s]": 338.0, "Mean flowrate in July [m3/s]": 353.0, "Mean flowrate in August [m3/s]": 305.0, "Mean flowrate in September [m3/s]": 211.0, "Mean flowrate in October [m3/s]": 133.0, "Mean flowrate in November [m3/s]": 112.0, "Mean flowrate in December [m3/s]": 98.0 }, "Temperature regime": {}, "Station X [m]": 557660.0, "Station Y [m]": 133280.0, "Station": "Rhône - Porte du Scex" }, "Potential for heat extraction": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.4, "Mean fraction of max heat extraction [-]": 1.0, "Heat extraction winter [PJ]": -3.6, "Heat extraction spring [PJ]": -4.5, "Heat extraction summer [PJ]": -5.0, "Heat extraction fall [PJ]": -3.7, "COP winter [-]": 3.45, "COP spring [-]": 3.74, "COP summer [-]": 3.83, "COP fall [-]": 3.69, "Used volume winter [m3]": 196000000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 117000000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 112000000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 107000000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.253, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.104, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0427, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0893 }, "Potential for heat disposal": { "Mean fraction of usable flowrate [-]": 0.4, "Mean fraction of max heat disposal [-]": 1.0, "Heat disposal winter [PJ]": 2.5, "Heat disposal spring [PJ]": 3.3, "Heat disposal summer [PJ]": 3.7, "Heat disposal fall [PJ]": 2.7, "Used volume winter [m3]": 60600000.0, "Used volume spring [m3]": 77700000.0, "Used volume summer [m3]": 87300000.0, "Used volume fall [m3]": 63800000.0, "Fraction of river flow winter [-]": 0.0781, "Fraction of river flow spring [-]": 0.0687, "Fraction of river flow summer [-]": 0.0333, "Fraction of river flow fall [-]": 0.0532, "Sensitivity to heat waves": "low" }, "Regional demand": { "Communes": { "Commune543": { "Name": "Vernayaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1906.0, "Surface [ha]": 559.0 }, "Commune544": { "Name": "Bex", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7111.0, "Surface [ha]": 9657.0 }, "Commune545": { "Name": "Aigle", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 9973.0, "Surface [ha]": 1641.0 }, "Commune546": { "Name": "Yvorne", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1037.0, "Surface [ha]": 1220.0 }, "Commune547": { "Name": "Bellwald", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 427.0, "Surface [ha]": 1396.0 }, "Commune548": { "Name": "Collonges", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 703.0, "Surface [ha]": 1221.0 }, "Commune549": { "Name": "Saillon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2459.0, "Surface [ha]": 1374.0 }, "Commune550": { "Name": "Vulbens", "Country": "France", "Population": 1000.0, "Surface [ha]": null }, "Commune551": { "Name": "Lavey-Morcles", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 890.0, "Surface [ha]": 1420.0 }, "Commune552": { "Name": "Massongex", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1749.0, "Surface [ha]": 663.0 }, "Commune553": { "Name": "Dorénaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 858.0, "Surface [ha]": 1258.0 }, "Commune554": { "Name": "Vouvry", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3945.0, "Surface [ha]": 3351.0 }, "Commune555": { "Name": "Riddes", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 2902.0, "Surface [ha]": 2390.0 }, "Commune556": { "Name": "Ollon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 7366.0, "Surface [ha]": 5955.0 }, "Commune557": { "Name": "Ardon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3037.0, "Surface [ha]": 2039.0 }, "Commune558": { "Name": "Leytron", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3002.0, "Surface [ha]": 2683.0 }, "Commune559": { "Name": "Monthey", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 17409.0, "Surface [ha]": 2870.0 }, "Commune560": { "Name": "Conthey", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8315.0, "Surface [ha]": 8494.0 }, "Commune561": { "Name": "Noville", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 971.0, "Surface [ha]": 1039.0 }, "Commune562": { "Name": "Port-Valais", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3833.0, "Surface [ha]": 1507.0 }, "Commune563": { "Name": "Chessel", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 363.0, "Surface [ha]": 355.0 }, "Commune564": { "Name": "Nendaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 6221.0, "Surface [ha]": 8596.0 }, "Commune565": { "Name": "Vétroz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5644.0, "Surface [ha]": 1044.0 }, "Commune566": { "Name": "Fully", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8355.0, "Surface [ha]": 3780.0 }, "Commune567": { "Name": "Saint-Maurice", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 4500.0, "Surface [ha]": 1492.0 }, "Commune568": { "Name": "Saxon", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 5248.0, "Surface [ha]": 2322.0 }, "Commune569": { "Name": "Collombey-Muraz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 8311.0, "Surface [ha]": 2975.0 }, "Commune570": { "Name": "Evionnaz", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 1235.0, "Surface [ha]": 4808.0 }, "Commune571": { "Name": "Martigny", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 17342.0, "Surface [ha]": 2500.0 }, "Commune572": { "Name": "Chamoson", "Country": "Switzerland", "Population": 3461.0, "Surface [ha]": 3247.0 } }, "Total Population": 139573.0, "Demand heating [PJ]": 6.223586911, "Demand cooling [PJ]": 1.214738712 }, "River": "Rhône", "Location": "Aigle" } }